- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Os Sentidos do Cooperativismo: Entre a Autogestão E a Precarização do Trabalho
Apresentação
Autor | Fábio de Oliveira |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor do Departamento de Psicologia Social e do Trabalho do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo |
Páginas | 9-11 |
Page 9
Este livro é a versão integral da tese de doutoramento em Psicologia Social defendida em 2005 no Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Psicologia Social da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, sob a orientação do professor Peter Kevin Spink.
Embora o universo do cooperativismo não se reduza aos empreendimentos formados por trabalhadores, foi o trabalho que me trouxe às cooperativas. De partida, a temática em si do trabalho humano, as questões filosóficas e psicossociais a ele relacionadas. Em seguida, a minha própria atuação profissional como psicólogo social, que direcionei e que, ao mesmo tempo, impeliu-me para esse campo. Nesse percurso, foi da preocupação com os processos cotidianos e com o controle dos trabalhadores sobre o trabalho que se originaram as inquietações autogestionárias que inspiraram este estudo.
Essas inquietações alimentaram-se dos debates e das impertinências da psicologia social do trabalho em relação à visão gerencial tradicional e, não foi por acaso, que as cooperativas de trabalhadores, isto é, as "empresas sem patrões"1, foram eleitas como objeto desta pesquisa.
Em síntese, as pesquisas em psicologia social do trabalho e em áreas afins têm conseguido mostrar que:
"Se a organização enquanto um todo não é mais que um rastro da atividade que já passou, uma sombra pálida de um fenômeno multidimensional que desaparece quando a luz é acesa, segue que esses empreendimentos diversos de todos os tipos funcionam não porque as pessoas são administradas e direcionadas, mas porque a concentração de processos que seus cotidianos representam serve de ímã para o uso das caixas coletivas de ferramentas organizativas mundanas desenvolvidas ao longo da história social. Em última análise, pessoas sabem se virar" (Peter Spink, 1996, p. 188, itálicos nossos).
Ora, se mesmo na heteronomia da fábrica fordista é possível revelar - afastado o mascaramento pela ideologia gerencial - uma capacidade organizativa autóctone ou, ao menos, as tentativas astuciosas e ambíguas de recuperar o controle sobre o trabalho (Sato, 1998), o que dizer dos empreendimentos ditos autogestionários?
Se a participação aparece como uma espécie de farsa no pós-fordismo (Antunes, 1999; Busnardo, 2003; Marazzi, 1999) - quando trabalhadores são convidados a "vestir a camisa da empresa" e a pensarem como patrões sem o serem de fato -, ela poderia ser, ao menos em princípio, passível de concretização nas cooperativas que fazem jus às ideias...
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