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- O Dano Moral Na Dispensa do Empregado
- O Dano Moral Na Órbita do Direito do Trabalho
2. O direito do trabalho e o direito civil em face do dano moral
Autor | Enoque Ribeiro dos Santos |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor Associado da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo. |
Páginas | 116-118 |
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Antes de adentrarmos diretamente na caracterização do Dano Moral Trabalhista, mister se faz buscar em Carlos Alberto Bittar283 o conceito de que "diferentes fatos podem gerar o direito à reparação por dano moral, uma vez constatada a injusta invasão da esfera moral alheia. Esses acontecimentos são, no fundo, fatos humanos ou ações desenvolvidas por pessoas, diretamente ou não, nos múltiplos relacionamentos possíveis em sociedade, como os de caráter pessoal, familiar, negocial, político ou mesmo ocasional’’.
Ainda, segundo Bittar284, existem três espécies de responsabilidade civil, quando considerada a origem, ou seja, conforme haja ou não vinculação entre as
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partes, que podemos também utilizar, quando falamos em Dano Moral na órbita do Direito do Trabalho:
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A contratual;
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A extracontratual, delitual ou aquiliana;
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Os fatos lesivos derivados do exercício de atividades perigosas ou consequências danosas delas advindas, como no caso dos acidentes de trabalho.
Assim, no plano civil, tem-se como fato imponível, de um lado, a transgressão de um dever geral (comando ou regra do sistema jurídico), e, de outro lado, a violação de preceito específico (dever ou obrigação ínsita em contrato ou em declaração unilateral de vontade).285
Desse modo, seja por meio de ações ou omissões, de palavras, de gestos ou de sinais, ou de qualquer outro mecanismo de comunicação hábil (falado ou escrito) a produzir reflexos prejudiciais, podem as pessoas fazer desencadear fatos geradores de danos morais, sob os efeitos correspondentes à espécie.286
No núcleo dos fatos geradores do dano moral, estão as ações ou omissões humanas, qualificadas pelo Direito e que, com relação aos diversos estados da pessoa, podem acarretar a outrem danos de cunho moral, a saber, nos estados político, individual, familiar e profissional.287
Dessa forma, os Danos Morais Trabalhistas estão em perfeita sincronia com os princípios da responsabilidade civil, outorgando aos trabalhadores lesados em sua honra, dignidade, boa fama ou amor-próprio, o direito de buscar a tutela jurisdicional para a obtenção da devida reparação civil.
O Novo Código Civil de 2002 dedicou o Capítulo II aos direitos da personalidade, destacando em seu art. 11 que estes são intransmissíveis e irrenunciáveis, não podendo o seu exercício sofrer limitação voluntária.
De acordo com Maria Helena Diniz,288 os direitos da personalidade destinam-se a resguardar a dignidade humana, mediante sanções que...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Dano Moral na Dispensa do Empregado
- O dano moral na órbita do direito do trabalho
- O dano moral na órbita do direito do trabalho
- 1. Como pode ocorrer o dano moral trabalhista
- 2. O direito do trabalho e o direito civil em face do dano moral
- 3. A caracterização do dano moral trabalhista
- 4. A evolução do conceito de dano moral no direito do trabalho no brasil
- 5. A prova do dano moral no direito do trabalho
- 6. A configuração do dano moral trabalhista
- 7. Elenco dos fatos geradores à reparação do dano moral trabalhista
- 8. As fases em que se pode verificar o dano moral trabalhista
- 9. A justiça competente para julgar o dano moral trabalhista
- 10. Assédio moral
- 11. Prescrição do dano moral trabalhista
- 12. O dano moral coletivo e suas diferenciações em relação ao dano moral individual
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