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- Livros E Revistas
- O Dano Moral Na Dispensa do Empregado
- A Avaliação Da Extensão do Dano Moral Trabalhista E Formas de Reparação
7. A tese da aplicação do 'punitive damage' na reparação do dano moral trabalhista
Autor | Enoque Ribeiro dos Santos |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor Associado da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo. |
Páginas | 242-244 |
Page 242
Os "Exemplary" ou "Punitive Damages", desenvolvidos e utilizados nos Estados Unidos, constituem, na realidade, categoria intermediária entre a responsabilidade civil e a responsabilidade penal.
Carlos Alberto Bittar nos ensina que "adotada a reparação pecuniária - que, aliás, é a regra na prática, diante dos antecedentes expostos - vem-se cristalizando orientação na jurisprudência nacional que, já de longo tempo, domina o cenário indenizatório nos Direitos norte-americano e inglês. É a da fixação de valor que
Page 243
serve como desestímulo a novas agressões, coerente com o espírito dos referidos punitive ou exemplary damages da jurisprudência daqueles países"556.
De acordo com Sérgio José Porto557:
"A condenação a perdas e danos ‘exemplares’ (exemplary damages) é, ao que parece, uma característica dos direitos da família da Common Law. Trata-se, como o seu próprio nome indica, de uma indenização tão elevada que possa servir de exemplo aos outros membros da sociedade, no sentido de que o comportamento do autor do dano é de tal ponto condenável que ele merece uma sanção complementar.’’
O texto acima evidencia as razões pelas quais as perdas e danos "exemplares" (exemplary damages) são também cognominadas punitive damages. Nesse caso, temos a convivência da ideia de dissuasão (theory of deterrence), muito frequente no Direito inglês da responsabilidade civil. Assim, encontramos um certo paralelismo entre a responsabilidade civil e a penal.
A indenização de caráter exemplar ou punitivo, segundo Sérgio Severo,558 "é
estabelecida como uma resposta jurídica ao comportamento do ofensor e como mecanismo de defesa de interesses socialmente relevantes’’.
Continua afirmando que "nesta esfera, embora haja uma regra específica regulando o quantum compensatório, devem ser consideradas todas as circunstâncias do caso concreto, de forma a estabelecer um montante proporcional. Porém, o caráter punitivo da satisfação não é o elemento definidor do tratamento dos danos extrapatrimoniais. Trata-se de elemento importante na prevenção de comportamentos antissociais. O elemento punitivo é perfeitamente admissível na esfera da responsabilidade civil, conforme recomenda Tunc, porém deve-se ter presente que a noção de pena privada não prepondera na totalidade dos danos extrapatrimoniais. Portanto, apesar de exercer influências sobre a satisfação, a pena privada não tem o condão de sintetizar o seu fundamento".
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Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Dano Moral na Dispensa do Empregado
- A avaliação da extensão do dano moral trabalhista e formas de reparação
- 1. A aferição do dano moral no direito do trabalho
- 2. Dano moral e crime - correlação do tema no direito penal e no direito do trabalho
- 3. O dano moral causado pelo empregado
- 4. As formas de reparação do dano moral trabalhista
- 5. Cumulatividade dos pedidos de indenização por dano material e dano moral na órbita do direito do trabalho
- 6. A dupla função da indenização
- 7. A tese da aplicação do 'punitive damage' na reparação do dano moral trabalhista
- 8. A determinação do 'quantum satis' da indenização trabalhista
- 9. A mitigação do risco pela condenação do dano moral. Análise econômica do direito
- 10. Direito comparado
- Conclusão
- Apêndice
- Referências bibliográficas
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