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- O Dano Moral Na Dispensa do Empregado
- A Avaliação Da Extensão do Dano Moral Trabalhista E Formas de Reparação
9. A mitigação do risco pela condenação do dano moral. Análise econômica do direito
Autor | Enoque Ribeiro dos Santos |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor Associado da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo. |
Páginas | 255-256 |
Page 255
A análise econômica do Direito é uma disciplina que estuda o Direito e suas instituições, podendo ser definida como a aplicação da teoria econômica e dos métodos econométricos no exame da formação, da estrutura, dos processos e dos impactos do direito e das instituições legais579.
A rigor, a Análise Econômica do Direito (AED) procura dar respostas a duas perguntas: a) como o comportamento dos indivíduos e das instituições é afetado pelas normas legais; b) em termos de medidas de bem-estar social definidas de forma rigorosa, quais são as melhores normas e como se podem comprar diferentes normas legais580?
A AED tem por base os métodos da teoria microeconômica. Os agentes econômicos comparam os benefícios e os custos das diferentes alternativas antes de tomar uma decisão, seja ela de natureza estritamente econômica, seja ela de natureza social ou cultural. Esses custos e benefícios são avaliados segundo as preferências dos agentes e o conjunto de informação disponível no momento da avaliação581.
Essa análise custo-benefício é consequencialista porque leva em conta o que vai acontecer (em termos probabilísticos) depois de tomada a decisão, e não as causas que levaram à necessidade de tomar uma decisão. Os agentes econômicos preocupam-se com o futuro e não com o passado (uma vez que este não pode ser modificado)582.
A avaliação custo/benefício faz-se num determinado contexto de preferências que se traduz num nível de bem-estar dos agentes. O bem-estar individual é me-
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dido pela utilidade que o agente retira de sua decisão, bem como das decisões que poderia ter tomado e não tomou (os custos de oportunidade)583.
Um dos maiores defensores da aplicação da AED é Richard Posner, que assinalou que "economic analysis of law has outlasted legal realism, legal process, and every other field of the legal scholarship. It is probably the major breakthrough of the last two hundred years in legal scholarship". Posner tem formação em Economia e atua como juiz do Sétimo Circuito da Corte de Apelações dos USA, o que facilita sua capacidade de aplicar os conceitos da AED no julgamento dos litígios584.
Dessa forma, por meio da AED os empregadores poderão chegar à conclusão do custo/benefício em proteger seus ativos do risco das indenizações por responsabilidade civil (dano moral). Por exemplo: uma empresa com um número razoável de empregados, por meio de sua própria experiência judicial e o portfólio de passivo trabalhista, poderá analisar a...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Dano Moral na Dispensa do Empregado
- A avaliação da extensão do dano moral trabalhista e formas de reparação
- 1. A aferição do dano moral no direito do trabalho
- 2. Dano moral e crime - correlação do tema no direito penal e no direito do trabalho
- 3. O dano moral causado pelo empregado
- 4. As formas de reparação do dano moral trabalhista
- 5. Cumulatividade dos pedidos de indenização por dano material e dano moral na órbita do direito do trabalho
- 6. A dupla função da indenização
- 7. A tese da aplicação do 'punitive damage' na reparação do dano moral trabalhista
- 8. A determinação do 'quantum satis' da indenização trabalhista
- 9. A mitigação do risco pela condenação do dano moral. Análise econômica do direito
- 10. Direito comparado
- Conclusão
- Apêndice
- Referências bibliográficas
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