América
Autor | Claudio Camargo Penteado |
Páginas | 25-27 |
Page 25
NAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreement) - O NAFTA foi iniciado no ano de 1988 entre norte-americanos e canadenses, e por meio do Acordo de Liberalização Econô-mica, assinado em 1991, formalizou-se o relacionamento comercial entre os dois países. Em 13 de agosto de 1992, o bloco recebeu a adesão dos mexicanos. O NAFTA entrou em vigor em 1º de Janeiro de 1994, com um prazo de 15 anos para a total eliminação das barreiras alfandegárias entre os três países. O NAFTA consolidou o intenso comércio regional no hemisfério norte do continente americano (EUA e Canadá), beneficiando também a economia mexicana, e surgiu como resposta à formação da União Européia e de outros blocos.
A fim de se ter uma idéia do impacto que a formação de um bloco econômico pode causar a um país membro, basta citar que desde 1994 o comércio entre o México e os Estados Unidos triplicou para 250 bilhões de dólares, e a previsão é que dobre nos próximos cinco anos. O México já superou o Japão como o segundo parceiro comercial dos americanos, vindo atrás apenas do Canadá.
O México está com um superavit anual de 25 bilhões de dólares, e antes de sua adesão ao Nafta, possuía um déficit de 2 bilhões de dólares por ano.
O preço pago pelo México agora é sua dependência em relação aos EUA e sua vulnerabilidade aos choques da economia mais poderosa do mundo, uma vez que 85% de suas exportações se destinam aos americanos.
Page 26
Com o objetivo de evitar tal fato, o México quer ampliar o comércio com outras áreas e blocos, especialmente com a Europa.
ALADI (Associação Latino Americana de Integração) - precursora do Mercosul, é composta por Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Cuba, Equador, México, Paraguai, Peru, Uruguai e Venezuela;
Mercosul (Mercado Comum do Cone Sul) - composto por Brasil, Argentina, Paraguai e Uruguai; a Bolívia e o Chile participam como países observadores e como parceiros em vários projetos de integração cultural.
Pacto Andino - Composto por Bolívia, Colômbia, Equador, Peru e Venezuela. Em 1997 formaram um acordo comercial com o Mercosul;
CARICOM (Área de Livre Comércio do Caribe) - composta por Antigüa e Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guiana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts e Nevis, Santa Lúcia, São Vicente e as Grenadinas, Suriname, Trinidad e Tobago;
MCCA (Mercado Comum Centro-Americano) - composto por Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica e Nicarágua. Atualmente participam ativamente no processo...
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