Anomalias Construtivas Triplo I
Autor | Tito Lívio Ferreira Gomide |
Ocupação do Autor | Perito do Gabinete Gomide e professor de pós-graduação de Engenharia Legal |
Páginas | 11-15 |
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Em tempos de Brasil com edifícios triple AAA ainda convivemos com anomalias construtivas triplo iii, decorrentes de falhas humanas primárias, num paradoxo bem brasileiro.
A doutrina ensina que as anomalias construtivas são decorrentes de quatro origens:
- fatores exógenos – causadas por terceiros;
- fatores endógenos – decorrentes da própria edificação (projeto, execução e materiais);
- fatores naturais – provenientes de eventos da nature-za (enchentes, abalos sísmicos, etc.);
- fatores funcionais – degradação natural ou excesso de uso.
As anomalias construtivas triplo iii enquadram-se naquelas de origem endógena por falhas de execução,
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via de regra provenientes do imprevisto, ignorância e improviso, podendo ser ilustradas da seguinte forma:
Exemplos típicos dessas anomalias são as substituições das conexões hidráulicas por emendas de tubulações plásticas mediante ligações diretas pela dilatação de um dos tubos, com calor de chamas de isqueiros, ou as emendas de fiações elétricas mediante torção dos fios de cobre e simples isolamento por fitas. Outras anomalias triplo iii também ocorrem nos demais sistemas construtivos, tais como desnivelamentos em pisos e esquadrias, ausências de juntas em impermeabilizações, “bicheiras” em peças estruturais por falta de vibração no lançamento do concreto, recalques de piso por falta de compactação do solo, trincas e fissuras em paredes internas e de fachadas por preparo inadequado da argamassa, e tantas outras mais.
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O que se observa nessas anomalias construtivas é que a causa primária das mesmas decorrem do imprevisto aliado ao despreparo técnico do operário e finalizado pelo improviso de execução. Precisando trabalhar com velocidade, o encanador que não localiza a conexão improvisa com fogo a junção dos tubos, muitas vezes ignorando o inevitável vazamento que virá mais adiante. O eletricista que improvisa na amarração das fiações, muitas vezes não imagina a perda de carga das instalações elétricas, e por aí vai, com as infiltrações nos pisos de caimento invertido e mantas de impermeabilização sem juntas adequadas, e tantas outras mazelas.
Porém, não se deve atribuir a responsabilidade dessas anomalias exclusivamente aos operários pois, em geral, eles não foram treinados adequadamente, além de receber forte pressão dos empreiteiros para grande produção, o que leva ao improviso inadequado.
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