As organizações não governamentais - ONGS
Autor | Carlos Roberto Husek |
Ocupação do Autor | Desembargador do TRT da 2ª Região Professor da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Membro da Academia Paulista de Direito, Membro da Comunidade de Juristas da Língua Portuguesa |
Páginas | 235-240 |
Page 235
Quando falamos dos sujeitos internacionais no capítulo II, já estudamos um pouco sobre essas figuras, situando-as no campo referente a outras coletividades.
Reafirmamos agora essa ideia de que as ONGs - Organizações Não Governamentais -, internacionais estão ganhando status de sujeitos de Direito Internacional, embora com capacidade muito restrita se comparadas a outros sujeitos conhecidos (Estados, Organismos, etc.).
Não tem sentido no mundo moderno considerar beligerantes e insurgentes, por exemplo, como pertencentes a tal categoria e não considerar uma Organização Não Governamental, que se mostra com objetivo permanente, provoca e participa de fatos na área internacional. Portanto, não temos dú-vida em relação às ONGs internacionais, revelando-as o que são, na sua natureza intrínseca, uma vez criadas para atuar no mundo, em matérias quase sempre de importância fundamental para a própria sobrevivência do ser humano, e sobre as quais o Estado não se sensibiliza de forma eficaz: meio ambiente, educação, minorias sociais, saúde, etc.
Essa denominação "Organizações Não Governamentais" qualifica todas as organizações que não dependem do Estado, quer econômica ou institucionalmente, voltadas para aquelas tarefas, apontadas no parágrafo anterior, de forma exemplificativa, que o Estado, em virtude de seu forte condicionamento econômico, vem relegando.
Nos termos do § 7º da Resolução n. 1.296 (XLIV) do Conselho Econômico e Social - ECOSOC -, datado de 23.5.1968, define as ONGs como organizações internacionais que não foram criadas por acordos governamentais.
Essa definição pela negativa - "que não foram criadas por acordos" - revela que o Direito Internacional não está, ainda, totalmente preparado para esse fenômeno.
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Alguns referem-se às ONGs como Terceiro Setor (autores norte-americanos) ou OSC - Organizações da Sociedade Civil (outros países) ou ainda Charities/caridades (Inglaterra).
O "Institute for Police Studies da Johns Hopkins Universite" é que faz uma pesquisa sobre o setor privado, não lucrativo em diversos países, incluindo o Brasil, isto é, sobre as novas organizações, voltadas para o fortalecimento da sociedade civil e da participação dos cidadãos.
As denominações explicitadas nos parágrafos anteriores revelam aspectos da realidade dessas organizações, que se desenvolveram de modo espantoso nas últimas décadas. São milhares no mundo, com atuação interna dentro do território de cada Estado e internacionalmente.
O tema objeto dessas associações passa pela produção de alimentos, drogas, álcool, condição de inferioridade das mulheres, grupos indígenas, minorias de todas as espécies, prostituição infantojuvenil, crianças de rua, proteção da fauna e flora; enfim, inesgotáveis, tantos são os aspectos da vida humana.
Tem-se entendido que uma das causas de proliferação das ONGs está na crescente perda de confiança na capacidade do Estado de efetivamente gerar o...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Curso de Direito Internacional Público
- Nota explicativa
- Introdução. Noções gerais
- Direito interno e direito internacional. Teorias
- Sujeitos internacionais
- Tratados
- O tratado no Brasil
- Estados
- Estado (território)
- Espaços internacionais
- Estado: órgãos de relação externa
- O estado e a soberania
- As organizações internacionais
- As organizações não governamentais - ONGS
- Direito da integração
- A união europeia. Aspectos gerais
- A américa latina. Mercosul
- A organização internacional do trabalho
- Litígios internacionais. Soluções diplomáticas, jurídicas e coercitivas. Guerra
- Corte internacional de justiça
- Tribunal penal internacional e cortes similares
- Segurança, terrorismo e novos paradigmas internacionais
- Da intervenção humanitária
- O homem. Aspectos internacionais
- Direito internacional e meio ambiente
- Relações econômicas internacionais. Noções
- Bibliografia
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