Ásia
Autor | Claudio Camargo Penteado |
Páginas | 28-30 |
Page 28
APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) - composta por Austrália, Brunei, Darussalam, Canadá, Chile, China, Cingapura, Coréia do Sul, Filipinas, Hong Kong, Indonésia, Japão, Malásia, México, Nova Zelândia, Papua Nova Guiné, Peru, Rússia, Taiwan, Tailândia, Vietnã e os EUA.
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) - composta por Brunei, Camboja, Cingapura, Filipinas, Indonésia, Laos, Malásia, Myanmar, Tailândia e Vietnã. O Acordo para a criação da AFTA (Asian Free Trade Area) foi assinado em 1992, iniciada formalmente em 01/01/93 com o objetivo de em 15 anos criar uma área de livre comércio entre os membros da ASEAN.
A divisão do mercado global em blocos, o desenvolvimento de mecanismos que permitem o aumento da produtividade somados à redução de custos, já são uma realidade irreversível. A estes blocos formados, outros países e regiões vão se somando, pois será impossível manter-se isolado.
Os fatores de maior influência na aproximação de países, regiões ou blocos, são a proximidade geográfica, a cul-
Page 29
tura, a potencialidade de mercado, o custo da mão-de-obra e um sistema tributário atrativo.
Outros fatores poderiam ser agregados, tais como a estabilidade política e econômica, credibilidade no sistema financeiro e linhas de crédito preferenciais.
As negociações entre blocos já são uma realidade também, podendo ser citada como exemplo a aproximação do Mercosul à União Européia com vistas à assinatura de um acordo de associação inter-regional, que acredita-se possa estar em um nível igual ou mais avançado do que o registrado até agora na ALCA.
Em 1999, o Mercosul exportou para a União Européia, em euros, 18,142 bilhões e importou 21,073 bilhões, ou seja, as importações do bloco representaram 47,1% do total importado pela América Latina e as exportações, 50,2%, segundo a delegação da União Européia no Brasil.
Em 2001, as exportações somaram algo em torno de US$ 81 bilhões, e as importações, US$ 96 bilhões.
O bloco sul-americano, até o final de 2002, tornou-se o principal fornecedor de produtos agrícolas para a União Européia (19,3%).
Nos últimos seis anos, a Ásia passou à frente do Nafta entre os principais blocos de destino de nossos bens, ocupando agora o segundo lugar no ranking, ficando atrás da União Européia, que embora ocupe o primeiro lugar, sua participação foi diminuída. O Mercosul, que era o quarto, passou para oitavo lugar, e o Oriente Médio subiu do quinto lugar para o posto que era ocupado pelo bloco...
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