Breves esclarecimentos prévios
Autor | Hélio Ferraz de Oliveira |
Páginas | 23-30 |
Page 23
Historicamente, até pouco tempo, o instituto da adoção em pouco mudou, sempre se trataram do direito dos adotantes formarem uma família, no entanto, com a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 em especial em seu Art. 227, passou-se a ver a criança como titular do direito de convivência famíliar, e construiu-se o entendimento da existente do princípio da Primazia do Melhor interesse do menor.
Este princípio basilar do Direito da Infância e da Juventude será oportunamente abordado em tópico próprio.
Pois bem, como poder-se-ia tutelar o direito da Criança e do Adolescente à convivência familiar, adequando-o ao anseio de pretendentes à adoção? Surgiram então os primeiros Cadastros locais de pretendentes à adoção, iniciados no estado de São Paulo e pouco tempo depois no estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Percebeu-se então que havia grande demanda para determinados perfis, e pouca demanda para a grande maioria das crianças acolhidas institucionalmente, nesta ocasião o Conselho Nacional de Justiça, com vistas a parametrizar a
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política adotiva, instituiu o Cadastro Nacional de Adoção (CNA), que nada mais é do que um sistema único para cadastro de todas as crianças e adolescentes acolhidos institucionalmente, que permitem a qualquer juiz realizar uma consulta de pretendentes habilitados e crianças disponíveis para adoção.
Este sistema encontra-se no ar desde meados de 2009, no entanto ainda está longe de ser conhecido e devidamente utilizado por todas as comarcas, faltam pessoas qualificadas para adequado treinamento dos serventuários da justiça e acima de tudo, faltam políticas que façam resguardar à Criança e ao Adolescente o seu melhor interesse, instituído, repita-se, em nossa carta Constitucional.
Em razão desta ausência de capacitação, o Cadastro Nacional e boa parte dos casos deixa de assegurar à Criança e ao Adolescente as melhores políticas disponíveis, especialmente no que tange ao encontro com seus familiares adotantes.
Outra grande evolução, colocada em prática pelo Estado de São Paulo é a elaboração dos Planos Individuais de Atendimento (PIAs) e as audiências concentradas.
O PIA nada mais é do que um estudo pormenorizado da situação jurídica da criança ou adolescente acolhido com a finalidade de possibilitar decisões importantes em relação ao seu acolhimento institucional, como por exemplo a preparação psicológica para o encaminhamento à adoção, as políticas públicas que poderão possibilitar sua reintegração familiar, enfim, as diretrizes...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Adoção. Aspectos jurídicos, práticos e efetivos
- Doutrina
- Breves esclarecimentos prévios
- Introdução ao tema
- Adoção no contexto histórico
- Adotar é ser adotado
- Processo destitutório
- Procedimento habilitatório
- Tipos de adoção em relação ao vínculo
- Tipos de adoção em relação aos adotantes (biparental, monoparental e unilateral)
- Adoção heterossexual e adoção homossexual
- Perfil adotivo
- Cadastro nacional
- Adoções necessárias
- Acolhimento institucional
- Cadastro adotivo
- Serviços técnicos judiciários
- Grupos de apoio à adoção
- Procedimento adotivo - início do estágio de convivência
- Adoção nacional x internacional
- Devolução
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