- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Os Sentidos do Cooperativismo: Entre a Autogestão E a Precarização do Trabalho
Prefácio
Autor | Leny Sato |
Ocupação do Autor | Professora Livre Docente do Departamento de Psicologia Social e do Trabalho do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo |
Páginas | 7-8 |
Page 7
Nos anos de 1990, no Brasil, tivemos níveis expressivos de desemprego. As mudanças tecnológicas, a reestruturação produtiva e as novas formas de gestão e de organização do trabalho são fenômenos relacionados àqueles altos níveis de desemprego. Em nosso contexto, esse fenômeno também tem gerado respostas como a criação de cooperativas. Ao olharmos mais de perto o crescimento de empreendimentos cooperativos, deparamo-nos com uma realidade bastante heterogênea, e é isso o que Fábio de Oliveira nos mostra.
O título que Fábio atribuiu ao livro é preciso: Os sentidos do cooperativismo: entre a autogestão e a precarização do trabalho. De um lado, a palavra "cooperativa" abriga e justifica iniciativas de empreendimentos solidários, com franca possibilidade de participação dos trabalhadores-cooperados; de outro, essa mesma palavra permite que trabalhadores vejam-se desprotegidos socialmente, pois escamoteia relação de trabalho assalariado precário. Há distinções sutis entre os diferentes tipos de cooperativa, mas que podem significar a burla da garantia de direitos trabalhistas.
Fábio de Oliveira evidencia a diversidade de entendimentos do termo "cooperativa", que remete a diferentes tipos de relações de trabalho, a diferentes tipos de estrutura de poder, a formas distintas de participação nas diferentes cooperativas, à relação entre gestão da cooperativa e gestão do trabalho. Referem-se a cooperativas de consumo, de crédito, de mão de obra e de produção.
Mas, esses diferentes tipos de cooperativas implicariam em diferentes vivências dos/as trabalhadores/as?
A partir de uma genuína leitura de Psicologia Social do Trabalho, o autor mostra sua competência como pesquisador, ao articular teoria e empiria de modo equilibrado.
Fábio nos mostra a diversidade de sentidos que o termo "cooperativismo" adquire e também nos conduz a ver como tais sentidos sustentam práticas diferentes e estão vinculados a contextos materiais diferentes.
Por meio de conversas e entrevistas com pessoas que trabalham em diferentes cooperativas, constatou-se que elas podem visualizar espaços mais ou menos amplos de participação na cooperativa. Mas, para alguns, a assembleia dos cooperados é vivida como algo distante de seu cotidiano, reduzindo-se a uma instância burocrática.
Outro aspecto destacado no estudo, e que se vincula a diferentes sentidos, é o fato de os trabalhadores/as escolherem ou não organizarem-se em um empreendimento cooperativo. Algumas situações...
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