Conceito Sintético
Autor | Wladimir Novaes Martinez |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado especialista em Direito Previdenciário |
Páginas | 17-18 |
Page 17
À anacrônica distinção entre Direito Previdencial e Direito Previdenciário - esta última sendo uma expressão consagrada pela doutrina, jurisprudência e pelo uso comum -, relativamente ao título do ramo jurídico disciplinador da proteção social, acresce-se a reservada à seguridade social e ao seu conteúdo.
Uma fórmula adotada pela Carta Magna de 1988, segundo a qual a seguridade social é um "conjunto integrado de ações de iniciativa dos Poderes Públicos e da sociedade, destinadas a assegurar os direitos relativos à saúde, à previdência e à assistência social" (art. 194), propicia novos elementos ao novel campo jurídico.
Pressupondo diferenças entre seguridade e previdência, pelo menos em termos constitucionais, esta última, espécie daquela, acolhe-se também a versão consoante a qual a primeira é técnica derivada, por via de evolução, da segunda. Nesse caso, poder-se-ia adotar nomenclatura correspondente, p. ex., a Direito Securitário. Nada impede, porém, permaneça Direito Previdenciário, largamente consagrado, abrangendo, então, não só as relações jurídicas de previdência em si e as de assistência, como as pertinentes às ações de saúde.
Embora na seguridade social seja menos visível o cálculo atuarial, o nome Direito Previdenciário é singelo e não olvida de todo sua origem e objetivo, pois sob esse aspecto certas características do seguro social também assinalam os serviços da assistência e da saúde.
Questão igualmente relevante é o universo da aplicação. Mantém-se apenas circunscrita à previdência social e aos poucos benefícios assistenciários ou abrange a problemática da saúde? Na primeira hipótese, como fica esta última? Assevera lapidarmente a Lei Maior ser a saúde um direito de todos e dever do Estado. Diante da impossibilidade material de o governo ministrá-la satisfatoriamente, estão entre os seus principais questionamentos saber se há potestade ou direito subjetivo ao atendimento dessas duas últimas políticas evidenciadas.
Como sempre sucede, definir é outro embaraço. Para João Antônio Guilhern?Bernard Pereira Leite, Direito Previdenciário é "conjunto de normas e princípios destinados a disciplinar a prevenção e a reparação dos riscos sociais, através de atividade do Estado" (Curso Elementar de Direito Previdenciário, p. 43).
Em sua posição, deixa clara a distinção: princípio não é norma e, talvez, também não seja fonte formal. Inclui a prevenção como propósito, mas, historicamente, esse esforço administrativo está reduzido...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Curso de Direito Previdenciário
- Noções de Direito Previdenciário
- Conceito Sintético
- Escorço Histórico
- Terminologia Usual
- Natureza Jurídica
- Enquadramento Científico
- Objeto e Objetivo
- Fontes Formais
- Características Básicas
- Conteúdo e Alcance
- Autonomia Jurídica
- Relações com Ramos Jurídicos e Ciências
- Justiça Competente
- Integração e Interpretação
- Aplicação da Norma no Espaço
- Direito Intertemporal
- Princípios Jurídicos
- Codificação e Consolidação
- Relação Jurídica de Seguridade Social
- Relação Jurídica de Previdência Social
- Relação Jurídica de Assistência Social
- Relação Jurídica de Ações de Saúde
- Acordos Internacionais
- Natureza Jurídica da Contribuição
- Teoria Jurídica do Risco
- Direito ao Lazer
- Normas de Superdireito
- Crimes Previdenciários
- Legitimidade Previdenciária
- Filosofia do Direito Previdenciário
- Perda de Identidade da Previdência Social
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