Conflito entre a atividade de aproveitamento mineral e a preservação do meio-ambiente
Autor | Denize de Souza Carvalho do Val .José Fagundes do Val |
Ocupação do Autor | Sócia e associado de Do Val, Pereira de Almeida, Sitzer e Gregolin, advogados. |
Páginas | #2 |
A atividade de mineração encontra-se entre aquelas, objeto de conflitos constantes pela necessidade de preservação do meio ambiente e a necessidade do desenvolvimento econômico que trás. Não há como negar que a humanidade necessita não só dos metais como de todos os minerais até mesmo para fins de agricultura.
Somos totalmente dependentes dos minerais.
Entre as questões conflitantes está a criação de Unidades de Conservação, que compõem a Lei do SNUC - Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação, Lei 9.985/2000, que conforme o art. 7º dividem-se em dois grupos, com características específicas: Unidades de Proteção Integral onde somente é admitido o uso indireto dos recursos naturais e Unidades de Uso Sustentável.
As Unidades de Proteção Integral encontram-se elencadas no art.8º da Lei do SNUC e envolvem aquelas que têm por objetivo básico preservar a natureza, livrando-a, quanto possível, da interferência humana. Nestas unidades apenas o uso indireto dos atributos naturais é admitido, o que levaria à conclusão de haver impossibilidade do desenvolvimento de atividades ligadas à mineração nos espaços geográficos correspondentes e nas respectivas zonas de amortecimento. Por outro lado, as Unidades de Uso Sustentável são aquelas onde é possível compatibilizar a conservação da natureza com o uso sustentável de seus recursos naturais.
Ocorre que nos termos do art. 176 da Constituição Federal, a extração mineral possui proteção constitucional pelo fato de ser imprescindível a vida humana e indispensável à evolução sustentável do Brasil, sendo considerada uma atividade de utilidade pública. Dessa forma está materializado o conflito entre a atividade de mineração e a de preservação do meio ambiente.
Assim, criada unidade de conservação por qualquer das esferas de governo competentes (Federal, Estadual e Municipal, conforme art.3º da Lei 9.985/2000) os direitos minerários porventura incidentes em áreas situadas na unidade de conservação deverão ser analisados caso a caso nos termos seguintes:
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Nos casos de requerimentos de títulos minerários em Unidades de Conservação de Uso Sustentável pré-existentes, nos termos do art.14 da Lei nº 9.985/2000, apresenta-se possível a outorga dos títulos desde que atendam às restrições impostas pela legislação;
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Nos casos de requerimentos de títulos minerários em Unidades de Conservação de Proteção Integral pré-existentes, conforme art.8º da lei do SNUC, os requerimentos deveriam ser indeferidos;
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