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- Cláusula de Não Concorrência no Contrato de Emprego. Efeitos do Princípio Da Proporcionalidade
Considerações Finais
Autor | Célio Pereira Oliveira Neto |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado, Doutorando, Mestre e Especialista em Direito do Trabalho pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo |
Páginas | 137-139 |
Page 137
As sociedades empresariais investem recursos cada vez mais vultosos em treinamento de pessoas, desenvolvimento de produtos e software, criação de processos, apoio de consultores e pesquisas de todas as ordens. Porém, esses bens imateriais não podem ser escondidos de seus empregados, a quem via de regra é dado o processo de conhecimento das atividades, especialmente em posições estratégicas de direção ou de alta especialização.
Os empregados, aliás, devem de fato ser inseridos no cenário empresarial, tendo ciência do que significa o que estão fazendo, e sentindo-se parte da operação em uma relação sinérgica para com todos os setores da atividade. Nesse contexto, instala-se a cláusula de não concorrência, a fim de que o empregado que toma ciência das políticas da empresa, planos de marketing, transações, segredos comerciais, estratégias do negócio, segredos de indústria e de negócios, fórmulas e técnicas de produção, novos inventos, métodos de fabricação e produção, mantenha essas informações resguardadas, livre do alcance da concorrência, e não as use em desfavor do ex-empregador.
A cláusula de não concorrência representa obrigação de não fazer, que consiste no compromisso assumido pelo empregado de não gerar concorrência com o ex-empregador, restringindo a liberdade de trabalho do empregado, e goza de amparo, fundado nos seguintes dispositivos constitucionais: livre iniciativa (art.1º, IV, e art. 170, caput); propriedade privada (art. 170, II); livre concorrência (art. 170, IV); defesa do consumidor (art. 170, V); pleno emprego (art. 170, VIII); direito de propriedade (art. 5º, caput, e XXII); e direito geral de liberdade (art. 5º, caput). Por irradiação constitucional, goza igualmente de amparo nas cláusulas gerais da boa-fé objetiva (art. 422 do CC) e função social do contrato (art. 421 do CC), além da presunção de licitude do contrato (art. 122 do CC); somado ainda em nível infraconstitucional ao art. 8º da CLT, que permite a aplicação, dentre outros, da equidade, dos princípios de direito, do direito comparado e do direito civil como fontes subsidiárias de aplicação do direito do trabalho, e ao art. 444, que trata da liberdade para estipulação das condições contratuais, se não contrárias às disposições de proteção ao trabalho.
Page 138
Por outro lado, também no art. 170 da CF há diretrizes que não podem ser desconsideradas. Com efeito, a ordem econômica deve ser fundada na valorização do trabalho humano (caput), bem como na...
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