Crânio de 4 milhões de anos tem similaridades com o de humanos modernos
Agência O Globo -
JOANESBURGO, África do Sul — O crânio de um hominídeo que viveu há 4 milhões de anos tem uma inesperada similaridade com o de humanos modernos, revela estudo conduzido por pesquisadores da Universidade de Witwatersrand, em Joanesburgo. Por meio de escâneres de alta resolução, os cientistas conseguiram analisar detalhes do fóssil de um indivíduo do gênero extinto dos australopitecos, considerado o mais antigo vestígio da evolução humana na África do Sul, e descobriram estruturas que indicam a vascularização do cérebro da mesma forma que acontece no homem atual.
— Nosso estudo revelou que o crânio do espécime de Jacovec e dos Australopitecos das cavernas Sterkfontein em geral eram espessos e essencialmente compostos de ossos esponjosos — explicou Amelie Beaudet, da Escola de Geografia, Arqueologia e Estudos Ambientais de Witwatersrand. — Essa grande porção de osso esponjoso, também encontrada no nosso crânio, pode indicar que o fluxo sanguíneo do cérebro dos australopitecos pode ter sido comparável com o nosso, e que a caixa craniana teve um papel importante na proteção do cérebro em evolução.
O crânio em questão foi descoberto em 1995, na Caverna Jacovec, no complexo de Sterkfontein, a cerca de 40 quilômetros de Joanesburgo, na África do Sul. Mas foi apenas há dois anos que Amelie e seus colegas conseguiram analisá-lo em detalhes, usando modernos equipamentos de escaneamento em alta resolução e uma técnica conhecida como “paleontologia virtual”, que apresenta imagem tridimensional digital do objeto de estudo.
— O crânio de Jacovec representa uma oportunidade...
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