- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Curso Moderno de Direito Civil
- Curso Moderno de Direito Civil. Contratos E Responsabilidade Civil
- 1ª Parte. Dos Contratos Em Geral
Da promessa de fato de terceiro
Páginas | 86-89 |
Page 86
Antes da atual Constituição Federal de 1.988, entendia-se que a mulher casada não podia alienar bens móveis do casal, exceto com autorização expressa do marido. Essa proibição não atingia o marido, porque era o administrador único da família.
Face à norma constitucional, contida no art. 226, § 5º, que estabeleceu a igualdade dos direitos e deveres dos cônjuges, os direitos entre eles passaram a ser iguais, e assim, qualquer um dos cônjuges tem o direito de contrair obrigações e celebrar contratos de alienação onerosa de bens móveis, sem a autorização do outro consorte.
No tocante aos bens imóveis, há uma série de limitações, consoante mostra o art. 1.647 do CC, I e II, in verbis:
"Ressalvado o disposto no art. 1.648, nenhum dos cônjuges pode, sem autorização do outro, exceto no regime da separação absoluta:
I -alienar ou gravar de ônus real os bens imóveis;
II - pleitear, como autor ou réu, acerca desses bens ou direitos".
Imaginemos o caso de o marido necessitar urgentemente vender um imóvel do casal, para evitar, por exemplo, a falência do seu negócio, base do sustento da família, e sua mulher se opõe a essa venda.
Page 87
Tudo indica que a denegação61é injusta. Neste caso, o marido poderá requerer ao juiz o suprimento. É o que dita textualmente o art. 1.648 do CC, assim redigido:
"Cabe ao juiz, nos casos do artigo antecedente, suprir a outorga, quando um dos cônjuges a denegue sem motivo justo, ou lhe seja impossível concedê-la".
Portanto, pode ser suprida pelo juiz a falta de outorga do outro cônjuge quando a denegação for por simples capricho ou no caso de se tornar impossível a obtenção do consentimento do outro cônjuge. Havendo o suprimento judicial, o ato praticado pelo cônjuge sem a participação do outro é válido, mas não obriga os bens próprios do outro.
"A falta de autorização não suprida pelo juiz, - diz o art. 1.649 do CC - quando necessária (art. 1.647), tornará anulável o ato praticado, podendo o outro cônjuge pleitear-lhe a anulação, até dois anos depois de terminada a sociedade conjugal".
Suponhamos um marido que, perante um recibo de sinal e princípio de pagamento, por ocasião da promessa de venda de um imóvel do casal, se responsabiliza, expressamente, pela assinatura da mulher, quando da realização da escritura pública de compra e venda. "É indispensável - decidiu o...
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