Discriminação indireta
Autor | Luiz Carlos Amorim Robortella |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado em São Paulo |
Páginas | 25-25 |
Page 25
O tema da discriminação indireta se contém na Diretiva 2000/43:
Considera-se que existe discriminação indireta sempre que uma disposição, critério ou prática aparentemente neutra coloque pessoas de uma dada origem racial ou étnica numa situação de desvantagem comparativamente com outras pessoas.
Com base nessa norma o TEDH decidiu que “medida ou política geral com efeitos prejudiciais desproporcionados sobre um determinado grupo pode ser considerada discriminatória, ainda que não vise especificamente o referido grupo”37.
A norma, critério ou prática objeto de questionamento deve ser genérica e se aplicar a todos indistintamente, como se iguais fossem, embora não o sejam. Desse tratamento desigual surge a desvantagem que constitui discriminação indireta.
Não se trata de incidência de normas distintas, mas sim de efeitos distintos ou diferenciados causados pela mesma norma, desfavorecendo determinado grupo38.
A regra só é aparentemente neutra porque, quando atinge de forma diferente os componentes de determinado grupo social, gera uma desigualdade.
Na jurisprudência da Corte de Estrasburgo (TEDH) o tratamento igual dispensado a pessoas significativamente diferentes importa em discriminação39.
Para haver discriminação indireta também é necessário o elemento de comparação adotado na avaliação de casos de discriminação direta.
Vários exemplos de discriminação indireta serão abordados na análise da jurisprudência dos tribunais de Estrasburgo e Luxemburgo.
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[37] TEDH, D.H. e Outros c. República Checa [GS] (N. 57325/00), 13 de Novembro de 2007, n. 184; TEDH, Opuz c. Turquia (N. 33401/02), 9 de Junho de 2009, n. 183. TEDH, Zarb Adami c. Malta (N. 17209/02), 20 de Junho de 2006, n. 80. UNIÃO EUROPÉIA. Manual sobre a legislação europeia antidiscriminação. Luxemburgo: Serviço das Publicações da...
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