- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- A Responsabilidade Dos Sócios Nas Sociedades Empresárias
- O Instituto Da Desconsideração Da Personalidade Jurídica
A disposição do Código Civil
Autor | Fernando Schwarz Gaggini |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado e professor universitário. Pós-graduado/especialista em Direito Mobiliário (Mercado de Capitais) e Mestre em Direito Comercial pela Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo |
Páginas | 160-162 |
Page 160
Após o surgimento de leis esparsas ao longo da década de 1990, somente com o advento do Código Civil de 2002 é que o legislador criou regra geral sobre o instituto da desconsideração, o que o fez na seguinte forma:
Page 161
Art. 50. Em caso de abuso da personalidade jurídica, caracterizado pelo desvio de finalidade, ou pela confusão patrimonial, pode o juiz decidir, a requerimento da parte, ou do Ministério Público quando lhe couber inter-vir no processo, que os efeitos de certas e determinadas relações de obrigações sejam estendidos aos bens particulares dos administradores ou sócios da pessoa jurídica.
Desta forma o Código Civil introduziu normas gerais de desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, reaproximando a lei da doutrina clássica do instituto, na medida em que estabelece pressupostos motivadores da desconsideração, no caso citando o abuso da personalidade jurídica, caracterizado pelo desvio de finalidade ou confusão patrimonial. Importante notar também que o Código Civil, como regra geral, não legitimou qualquer hipótese de ampla e irrestrita aplicação do instituto para resguardo de credores, como verificado em relação ao artigo 28, parágrafo 5º do CDC ou o artigo 4º da Lei n. 9.605/98, de modo que, na sua previsão genérica, a aplicação da desconsideração exige a presença de pressupostos legais. Não obstante, referido texto não se livrou de críticas, pelo fato de omitir algumas causas motivadoras de desconsideração, bem como por realizar certa confusão, ao misturar a figura dos sócios com a dos administradores da sociedade (os quais, por não serem sócios, não seriam atingidos por desconsideração propriamente, mas por responsabilização direta em função do exercício do cargo, no âmbito das previsões societárias)37.
Page 162
O Código Civil, na regra geral do instituto no Brasil, faz referência expressamente a essas hipóteses de desconsideração para fins de responsabilização patrimonial, mencionando o abuso de forma, via desvio de finalidade ou confusão patrimonial, mas se omite em relação a outras hipóteses apontadas no direito comparado, como a subcapitalização, a desconsideração inversa e a desconsideração para imputação de características dos sócios às sociedades.
[37] Embora, deva se observar a evidente melhora em relação ao texto do projeto...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- A Responsabilidade dos Sócios nas Sociedades Empresárias
- O Instituto da Desconsideração da Personalidade Jurídica
- Contextualização do tema
- Desenvolvimento do instituto no mundo
- Funções do instituto
- O ingresso do instituto no Brasil
- A disposição do Código Civil
- A desconsideração inversa
- (A problemática da) Aplicação prática do instituto
- Análise econômica da situação
- Projetos de lei sobre o tema
- Conclusão
- Bibliografia
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