Prescrição dos créditos trabalhistas
Autor | Cláudia Salles Vilela Vianna |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogada, Mestra pela PUC/PR, Conferencista e Consultora Jurídica Empresarial nas Áreas de Direito do Trabalho e Direito Previdenciário, Coordenadora dos cursos de pós-graduação da EMATRA/PR e PUC/PR |
Páginas | 494-495 |
Page 494
É direito constitucional dos trabalhadores urbanos e rurais ação quanto a créditos resultantes das relações de trabalho com prazo prescricional de cinco anos, até o limite de dois anos após a extinção do contrato de trabalho.
Esta identidade de prazos para trabalhadores urbanos e rurais decorre da Emenda Constitucional n. 28 (DOU de 29.5.2000).
Anteriormente a esta data, os trabalhadores rurais possuíam direito de ação até dois anos após a extinção do contrato, sem limitação aos cinco anos existente apenas para trabalhadores urbanos. Assim, um empregado rural, por exemplo, admitido em 1989 e dispensado sem justa causa em 1999 poderia ingressar com ação reclamatória no prazo de dois anos, mas postulando direitos retroativos a 1989.
Para evitar essa situação então existente, o empregador rural poderia valer-se do previsto no art. 233 da Constituição Federal/88, comprovando, de cinco em cinco anos ou tempo inferior a seu critério, perante a Justiça do Trabalho, o cumprimento das suas obrigações trabalhistas para com seu empregado. Comprovado o cumprimento das obrigações, ficava o empregador rural isento de qualquer ônus delas decorrente no período respectivo.
Quanto aos direitos referentes ao FGTS, observe-se que, em que pese determinar o § 5º do art. 23 da Lei n. 8.036/90 prescrição trintenária, nossos tribunais já consolidaram entendimento no sentido de que, extinto o contrato de trabalho, deverá ser observado o prazo prescricional de dois anos para reclamar em juízo o não recolhimento de FGTS (CF/88, art. 7º, XXIX). Ajuizada a ação dentro do biênio, poderá o reclamante postular direitos pretéritos até o limite de trinta anos. Neste sentido temos, inclusive, a Súmula TST n. 362.
Contra empregados menores de 18 anos de idade não corre o prazo prescricional - CLT, art. 440.
Observe-se ainda que o prazo prescricional será suspenso a partir da provocação da Comissão de Conciliação Prévia, recomeçando a fluir, pelo que lhe resta, a partir da tentativa frustrada de conciliação ou do esgotamento do prazo de dez dias que tem a Comissão para dar início à conciliação (sessão de tentativa de conciliação). Ver Parte III, item 34, desta obra.
Por fim, registre-se que a prescrição somente começa a fluir no término do prazo do aviso-prévio (CLT, art. 487, § 1º), existindo neste mesmo sentido, inclusive, a Orientação Jurisprudencial SDI-I do TST n. 83.
Fundamentação: CF/8...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Manual prático das relações trabalhistas
- Parte III. Vigência do contrato
- Jornada de trabalho
- Prorrogação e compensação de jornada
- Intervalos para repouso e alimentação
- Repouso semanal remunerado
- Remuneração e salários
- Adicional de insalubridade
- Adicional de periculosidade
- Trabalho noturno
- Ajudas de custo - Diárias para viagem - Reembolso de despesas
- Veículo do empregado a serviço da empresa
- Veículo da empresa fornecido ao empregado - Salário in natura
- Licença remunerada e licença sem remuneração
- Interrupção do contrato de trabalho
- Suspensão do contrato de trabalho
- Férias
- Licença-paternidade
- Gratificação natalina (13º salário)
- Participação nos lucros ou resultados da empresa
- Alimentação
- Atrasos constantes e saídas antecipadas
- Atestados médicos - faltas justificadas
- Registro sindical
- Filiação sindical
- Contribuição sindical patronal, de autônomos e profissionais liberais
- Contribuição sindical - Empregados
- Contribuição assistencial
- Contribuição confederativa
- Acordo coletivo - Convenção coletiva - Dissídio coletivo
- Folha de pagamento
- Alterações contratuais
- Documentos - Afixação obrigatória
- Centralização de documentos
- Documentos - Prazo de guarda ou conservação
- Comissões de conciliação prévia
- Prescrição dos créditos trabalhistas
- Certidão negativa de débitos trabalhistas
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