Editorial.
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The 32nd edition of "Em Pauta: teoria social e realidade contemporanea" chose the theme Work, Health and Environment in order to bring up discussions on the interrelationships between work, workers' health and the environment, taking into consideration the effects destructive expansion of the economic system. The challenge of this edition is to give visibility to the academic and scientific productions that recognize the importance of the debate on the current modes of production and consumption to analyze environmental risks and/or health consequences, including studies conducted in Brazil and in other continents.
Currently, capitalist development becomes increasingly destructive and producer of iniquities. The planned obsolescence of goods, the culture of disposable linked to technological innovation, the structural unemployment generated by use of fixed capital intensive, mass production of superfluous people like surplus labor and the increasing of exchange-value, rather than the value use and of the human needs, are manifestations of capital wastefulness. Its uncontrollable appetite for natural and social resources, however, presents a dilemma for human survival: the destruction in the name of profit of non-renewable resources of the planet.
Given this proposition, the authors contributing with Em Pauta bring different contributions that restore historical elements related to the topic of work and health, through theoretical and conceptual formulations of the past and present, as well as productions related to research and intervention that restore experiments focused on environmental issues and workers' health. In fact, issues involving the relationship between health, conditions of work and life, natural resources and development have become a source of social concern and the subject of various studies and researches, it being recognized that the production of knowledge in this field requires contributions of various disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge and involving different professionals and institutions in a multisectoral intervention and with social control.
Thus closely with productions closely related to Workers' Health, the first texts of this issue redeem historical and theoretical perspectives that underlie the formation of new formulations for the field of work-health relation in Brazil. Contextualized in Brazilian history in which political and social components claim for fresh ideas and new practices to health issues of workers, these contributions show the movement of research and intervention, particularly related to the field of Public Health in Brazil, from references linked to the Latin American Social Medicine and the Italian Health Reform.
In sequence, this issue presents contributions that also redeem theoretical, historical and methodological components to address environmental and workers' health issues. In fact, historical backgrounds that show the inseparability of the work and the environment in determining the health-disease process can be found in formulations of Bernardino Ramazini that, in Italy, in 1700, formulated the first systematization of work-related diseases in his work "De Morbis Artificum Diatriba". The authors redeem this contribution, showing how variables of health, work and environment already there were present, setting not only an integrality perspective as well as providing methodological tools.
An important principle to approach the issues of workers' health is the affirmation of the role of the worker as an active subject of the discovery process and intervention on work-health relations. This formulation finds references in the central thought of Antonio Gramsci and underpins the constitution of the Italian Laborer Model (MOI) as theory and policy approach to health workers. The fourth article in this issue redeems and contextualizes this discussion, highlighting the principles of this model, based on: the constitution of "homogeneous groups" of workers to the approach and intervention; the "no delegation", i.e. the active involvement of workers in dialogue with technical; and the "consensual validation" of exposure identified in work processes and intervention strategies on it.
In convergence with latest discussions on the notion of "vulnerability" are presented, in continuity, two articles in this issue. The first, from the environmental area, discusses the difficulties to characterize the processes of social vulnerability. The text discusses the conditions established for knowing and debating social processes of vulnerabilization in Brazil, suggesting that, besides methodological difficulties to characterize vulnerability as a process and as a relationship, some conjunctural elements contribute to generate resistance to problematize and properly historicize this object. In the following article, social suffering is related to the precariousness of life in the light of contemporary economic processes and the consequent annihilation of institutional supports and social protections. So to the authors, these processes shape the structural vulnerability of the society in which social suffering arises from human wear generated by the profound changes in the world of...
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