Engenharia genética no sangue
Cientistas brasileiros desenvolvem um genérico para substância coagulante essencial para pessoas que têm hemofiliaRoberta Jansenroberta.jansen@oglobo.com.brSangue. Empresa brasileira desenvolve tecnologia para produção de Fator VIII genéricoLatinstockEnquanto os medicamentos genéricos tradicionais já fazem parte da realidade do país há muitos anos, pouco se fala sobre os genéricos biológicos. As chamadas drogas biológicas, diferente das químicas, reproduzem substâncias produzidas naturalmente pelo organismo, mas que, algumas vezes, precisam ser repostas. É o caso da insulina em diabéticos, por exemplo. Fabricar tais insumos demanda uma tecnologia complexa e cara, dominada por poucos. Agora, no entanto, patentes começam a cair, abrindo caminho para os primeiros genéricos dessa categoria. E o Brasil não quer ficar para trás.Um grupo de cientistas brasileiros se dedica a desenvolver o que pode vir a ser o primeiro genérico biológico nacional. Trata-se do Fator VIII de coagulação do sangue. O organismo humano saudável produz naturalmente a substância, que impede que tenhamos uma hemorragia grave a cada sangramento. Mas não nos hemofílicos. Com essa deficiência crônica, eles precisam de reposição do fator até três vezes por semana para terem uma vida normal.Sem isso, não só se arriscam a sangrar até morrer (se sofrerem algum acidente, por mínimo que seja), como também começam a apresentar deficiências ósseas graves e artrose. É que o sangramento dentro das articulações acaba por corroer as cartilagens e os ossos.Atualmente, essa reposição é feita com Fator VIII obtido a partir do sangue humano, recolhido em hemocentros de todo o país. Trata-se de uma logística complicada separar o plasma, isolar o Fator VIII, purificá-lo. Além disso, a produção está sempre vinculada à quantidade de sangue disponível. Embora a situação esteja agora normalizada, houve uma séria escassez do produto no país até 2009, fazendo com que muitos hemofílicos desenvolvessem deficiências físicas graves, de acordo com a presidente da Federação Brasileira de Hemofilia, Tania Maria Onzi Pietrobelli.Já existe, no entanto, o Fator VIII obtido por meio da engenharia genética, sintetizado em laboratório. Tal tecnologia está nas mãos de poucos laboratórios. A patente, no entanto, caiu no ano passado, instigando os cientistas a...
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