Escorço Histórico
Autor | Wladimir Novaes Martinez |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado especialista em Direito Previdenciário |
Páginas | 19-20 |
Page 19
As técnicas protetivas sociais devem ter pelo menos 4.000 anos, mas organizada metodicamente, a previdência social é de 1883 (Alemanha, de Otto von Bismarck). A brasileira, de 1923 (Lei Eloy Marcondes de Miranda Chaves).
O Direito Previdenciário tem praticamente a mesma idade, um pouco menos. Teve início quando a legislação, tanto na Europa quanto no Brasil, se destacou das demais disposições (principalmente na esfera do Direito Administrativo) e teve de ser aplicada, integrada e interpretada, consoante princípios típicos. Na década de 20, quando os benefícios começaram a ser concedidos em larga escala, surgiram as primeiras dúvidas. Com elas, a ciência jurídica.
Um impulsionador das praxes adotadas foi o Direito Administrativo. Afinal, pelo menos desde 1888, deferiram? ?se prestações para os servidores civis e militares e, remotamente, desde 10.1.1835, imperavam os seguros mútuos previstos na Constituição Federal de 1824 (v. g., MONGERAL). Mas, como se verá na bibliografia, só no final do século XIX, passou-se a estudar a matéria.
O primeiro livro seria de Carlos Victor Boisson ("Estudos das fórmulas e tarifas do Montepio Geral", Rio, Tip. Eleuzinger, 1881), na esfera da previdência privada.
Critério válido para o marco da criação do ramo jurídico pode ser o da primeira lei importante; ela provocou análises e deflagrou perplexidades. Nesse caso, será o Decreto Legislativo n. 3.724/1919 (seguro de acidentes do trabalho).
A mais antiga menção da designação da cadeira deve-se a Celso Barroso Leite e Luiz Assumpção Paranhos Veloso ("Previdência Social", p. 246). A utilização em um título de livro é prioridade de Sully Alves de Souza ("Curso de Direito Previdenciário").
Grande impulso sobreveio com o Decreto Legislativo n. 4.682/1923, conhecido como Lei Eloy Marcondes de Miranda Chaves. Vários opúsculos iniciais foram editados na mesma época.
Com o Decreto n. 19.433/1930 foi criado o Ministério do Trabalho, Indústria e Comércio.
Igualmente importantes são as leis criadoras dos ex?IAP. Convém não esquecer a Lei Orgânica do Seguro Social do Brasil (Decreto-lei n. 7.526/1945 e Decreto n. 35.448/1954). O Decreto-lei n. 7.036/1944 deu gran? de impulso à proteção acidentária. O primeiro critério legal vinculando o salário mínimo foi estabelecido pelo Decreto-lei n. 7.835/1945. Surge o Departamento Nacional de Previdência Social (Decreto-lei n. 8.742/1946). Em 1947, iniciam-se os estudos preliminares com vistas à LOPS. Em 1952, o...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Curso de Direito Previdenciário
- Noções de Direito Previdenciário
- Conceito Sintético
- Escorço Histórico
- Terminologia Usual
- Natureza Jurídica
- Enquadramento Científico
- Objeto e Objetivo
- Fontes Formais
- Características Básicas
- Conteúdo e Alcance
- Autonomia Jurídica
- Relações com Ramos Jurídicos e Ciências
- Justiça Competente
- Integração e Interpretação
- Aplicação da Norma no Espaço
- Direito Intertemporal
- Princípios Jurídicos
- Codificação e Consolidação
- Relação Jurídica de Seguridade Social
- Relação Jurídica de Previdência Social
- Relação Jurídica de Assistência Social
- Relação Jurídica de Ações de Saúde
- Acordos Internacionais
- Natureza Jurídica da Contribuição
- Teoria Jurídica do Risco
- Direito ao Lazer
- Normas de Superdireito
- Crimes Previdenciários
- Legitimidade Previdenciária
- Filosofia do Direito Previdenciário
- Perda de Identidade da Previdência Social
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