Indo-european communications: the model of 'nomadic homeland
| Autor | Victor A. Novozhenov - Elina K. Altynbekova - Aibek Zh. Sydykov |
| Cargo | Republican State Enterprise «State museum «UNESCO Center for the Rapprochement of Cultures - Scientific-restoration laboratory 'Ostrov Krym' - Republican State Enterprise «State museum «UNESCO Center for the Rapprochement of Cultures |
| Páginas | 427-455 |
Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito
Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba
V. 9 - Nº 04 - Ano 2020
ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index
427
INDO-EUROPEAN COMMUNICATIONS: THE MODEL OF
“NOMADIC HOMELAND”
Victor A. Novozhenov
1
Elina K. Altynbekova
2
Aibek Zh. Sydykov
3
Abstract: The authors of the article
studied the origin of Indo-European
tribes in the light of ancient
communications and the spread of the
tribes according to wheeled transport
relics in the steppe zone of Eastern
Eurasia. The authors considered some
modern theories related to Indo-
European (IE) and Indo-Iranian (IIr)
origin, defined IE innovations that
marked the territories as possible
homelands for IEs, and localized them
on the map and. The authors used the
method of mapping and analysing of IE
innovations for localization of possible
homeland teritories of IE on the maps
and substantiate the polycentric model of
the ancestral homeland of IE as model of
“nomadic homeland”. According to this
model, the IE homeland was localized in
the steppe-lands of Eurasian continent,
and in the course of time changed its
place from Assyrian steppes to Eurasia
1
Republican State Enterprise «State museum «UNESCO Center for the Rapprochement of Cultures
2
Scientific-restoration laboratory “Ostrov Krym”
3
Republican State Enterprise «State museum «UNESCO Center for the Rapprochement of Cultures
(Europe and Ural-Kazakh steppes) by
two main ways (north and south) through
Margiana and Transcaucasia.
Keywords: steppeland culture,
migrations, wheeled transport, cattle-
breeding, tin-mettallurgy, clan-
leadership.
1. Introduction.
Recently, in connection with
the publication of the new paleogenetic
results [Allentoft et al, 2015; Haak et al.,
2015; Lazaridis et al, 2014; 2017;
Damgaard et al, 2018a; 2018b; Goldberg
et al, 2017], there is sharp increase in the
interest of Russian-speaking scholars to
the problems of IE culture and origin
[http://генофонд.рф/?page_id=3949
Novozhenov, 2015e; Klejn et al,
2017:71-15]. Archaeologists know that
some questions of historical
reconstructions and cultural genesis,
Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito
Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba
V. 9 - Nº 04 - Ano 2020
ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index
428
especially questions related to the steppe
society, can not be solved within the
framework of pure autochthonous
development [Anthony, Brown, 2011:
130-160].
There are numerous reports of
origin and resettlement of IEs; the most
notable ones are the reviews by
P. Raulwing [2000], C. Renfrew [1998],
and J. Mallory [1997a;b; 2009; 2013;
Mallory, Mair, 2000], providing detailed
analysis and critique of existing
hypotheses on the subject. Among the
recent studies considering steppe origin
of IEs and developing many provisions
of the popular “kurgan hypotesys” by
Mary Gimbutas [1970; 1978], the book
by David Anthony is of particular
interest [Anthony, 2007; review by
L. S. Klein – Horses, Chariots…,
2010:167-181, critical review of the
problem by J. Mallory, 2013;
Kristiansen, 2012:165-181; Kristiansen
et al, 2017:334-347; 2018].
Prof. Leo S. Klein [2012: 25-
34] carefully studied the views on the
problem of finding ancestral home of
IEs, as well as the current state of this
problem. On the basis of two examples
of ancient migrations (Hittite-Luwian
and Tocharian), he raised the question of
the localization of the ancestral
homeland on the open spaces of Europe.
The model suggested by L.S. Klein is the
most consistent, it takes into account
archaeological material of the
Chemurchek culture (Eastern
Turkestan), which was discovered and
studied by Dr. A. A. Kovaliov [2004;
2011; 2012a;b]. It was noted that the
Chemurchek materials are rather similar
to the Elunino materials localized in the
Altai Mountains and to the monuments
discovered in the north-east part of
Kazakhstan [Grushin 2012; Merz, 2007;
2010]. These materials are considered as
an early step in the formation of Seima-
Turbino metallurgical tradition, which in
its turn influenced the formation of the
Yin-Shang industry in China [Kovaliov,
2012a: 53-55; Novozhenov, 2012a;c].
Dr. Stanislav A. Grigoryev
[2012a: 40] supposed that migration
directed to the south of the Urals was one
of the important components of the
cultural genesis of local tribes [Grigoriev
2012a: 40-48]. Among the innovations
that have emerged in the region as a
result of migration, he considered
megalithic tradition (the 3rd millennium
BCE) and Sintashta monuments (the
beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE).
Thus, the megalithic structures of Vera
Lake in the Urals are similar to the
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