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- Livros E Revistas
- Cláusula de Não Concorrência no Contrato de Emprego. Efeitos do Princípio Da Proporcionalidade
Introdução
Autor | Célio Pereira Oliveira Neto |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado, Doutorando, Mestre e Especialista em Direito do Trabalho pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo |
Páginas | 11-12 |
Page 11
O objeto do presente estudo é a análise da validade da cláusula de não concorrência, que sempre diz respeito a uma situação pós-encerramento do contrato de emprego. Para tanto, utiliza-se do princípio da proporcionalidade e seus subprincípios como justificadores e limitadores do pacto de não concorrência.
A escolha do tema se deu em razão do valor que as sociedades contemporâneas emprestam aos bens imateriais que compõem os segredos do negócio, ou know how da atividade empresarial. Com efeito, a riqueza das empresas já não se mede pelas sedes próprias e demais bens materiais - o que, aliás, é cada vez mais incomum, dado o volume de recursos que fica estagnado em operações de aquisição de portentosas sedes -, mas, sim, pelo potencial de mercado, capacidade de faturamento e know how no negócio.
Para construir esses bens imateriais, as sociedades empresariais investem recursos cada vez mais vultosos em treinamento de pessoas, desenvolvimento de produtos e software, criação de processos, consultorias e pesquisas. Porém, esse know how não pode ser escondido de seus empregados, a quem via de regra é dado o processo de conhecimento das atividades, especialmente em posições estratégicas de direção ou de alta especialização.
O empregado, aliás, de fato deve ser efetivamente inserido no cenário da empresa, tendo ciência do que está fazendo, e sentindo-se parte da operação em uma relação sinérgica para com todos os setores da atividade empresarial. Nesse contexto, insere-se a cláusula de não concorrência, a fim de que o empregado que toma ciência das políticas da empresa, planos de marketing, transações, segredos comerciais, estratégias do negócio, segredos de indústria e de negócios, fórmulas e técnicas de produção, novos inventos, métodos de fabricação e produção, mantenha essas informações resguardadas, livre do alcance da concorrência, e não as use em desfavor do ex-empregador.
A aplicação da cláusula de não concorrência no contrato de emprego, embora não regulamentada no direito pátrio, goza de amparo constitucional, fundado na livre iniciativa, propriedade privada, livre concorrência, direito geral de liberdade e defesa do consumidor. Por irradiação constitucional, usufrui igualmente amparo nas cláusulas gerais da boa-fé objetiva e função social do contrato, além da presunção de licitude do pacto.
Por outro lado, ao firmar a cláusula de não concorrência, o empregado está sendo limitado em seu direito de livre exercício de qualquer...
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