Introdução
Autor | Matheus Almeida Caetano |
Ocupação do Autor | Doutorando em Ciências Jurídico-Criminais pela Universidade de Coimbra |
Páginas | 29-32 |
Page 29
Diante de um contexto social de intensa degradação ambiental que atinge patamares de contaminação significativos, o ambiente torna-se uma preocupação cotidiana, principalmente em razão de pequenas contribuições poluentes e depredativas advindas de múltiplas e indeterminadas fontes emissoras. Mas não só isso, a caça predatória de animais, a destruição de espécies vegetais, bem como a sobre-exploração dos recursos naturais (seja de ordem biótica ou abiótica), ainda que em pequenas quantidades, também podem comprometer a fauna e a flora dos ecossistemas do globo. Desse modo, as chuvas ácidas, a destruição da camada de ozônio, o efeito estufa, o aquecimento global, as poluições atmosférica, hídrica e do solo, bem como os esgotamentos de estoques animais, minerais, pesqueiros e vegetais constituem exemplos de um interessante grupo de casos conhecido por danos acumulativos ou consequências acumulativas.
É justamente sobre o resultado globalmente nocivo proveniente de ações praticadas por um grande número de indivíduos, de forma independente e não pré-ajustadas e, inclusive sem intenção lesiva em alguns casos, que a presente investigação se debruçará. Diante desses danos cumulativos, surgem várias propostas de responsabilização jurídica com inúmeros matizes teóricos, destacadamente no campo do Direito Ambiental, como, por exemplo, demostram os institutos da “imputação por cúpula” (Teubner), da responsabilidade (civil) objetiva e solidária, do princípio da precaução, da responsabilidade por longa duração e da “responsabilidade-projeto” de Ost. Tamanha é a preocupação dos Estados com as consequências acumulativas que também o Direito Penal é chamado a assumir parcela da difícil tarefa de proteger os bens jurídicos ambientais das condutas infimamente lesivas. Portanto, entre os temas inerentes à tutela jurídico-penal do ambiente, sobressaem os “delitos de acumulação” (die Kumulationsdelikte)1.
Page 30
Dessa maneira, em razão dos múltiplos ataques (provenientes de inúmeras fontes poluidoras e degradantes) causados ao meio ambiente nesta sociedade de risco, ações individualmente irrisórias passam a ser criminalizadas, pois a sua prática reiterada por um grande número de pessoas levaria a um quadro incontrolável de devastação, ameaçador à integridade demasiadamente frágil dos bens jurídicos ambientais tutelados. Portanto, justifica-se aqui a designação desta obra por: Os delitos de acumulação no Direito Penal Ambiental2. Para além da equivalência nominal entre os títulos da obra e do terceiro capítulo, entrelaçar-se-á justa e exatamente neste as intrincadas teias da curiosa proposta de Lothar Kuhlen, segundo a maior verossimilhança possível.
É no restrito campo de normatividade penal-ambiental que o tema dos efeitos acumulativos será examinado, e...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Os delitos de acumulação no direito penal ambiental
- Abreviaturas e siglas
- Agradecimentos
- Notas Prévias
- Apresentação
- Prefácio
- Introdução
- A sociedade de risco e o Direito Penal do Risco: contextualização da tutela jurídico-penal (ambiental) na contemporaneidade
- O tardio e recente reconhecimento do meio ambiente pelo Estado e pelo Direito. O Estado de Direito Ambiental e uma introdução à tutela penal do meio ambiente
- Os delitos de acumulação no Direito Penal Ambiental: origens, fundamentos e delimitações
- Os problemas de legitimação dos delitos de acumulação e a depuração do Estado de Direito Ambiental na tutela do meio ambiente. A proposta de recuperação do injusto penal ambiental sob o crivo da ofensividade de cuidado-de-perigo
- Considerações finais
- Referências
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