Introdução à Parte II: A Ação
Autor | Calil Simão |
Ocupação do Autor | Doutorando em Direito pela Universidade de Coimbra (PT). Mestre em Direito |
Páginas | 29-30 |
Page 29
Hodiernamente a defesa da probidade vem ganhando contornos próprios. As Constituições vêm estabelecendo instrumentos de proteção à probidade, e, consequentemente, de repressão à improbidade administrativa.
Inicialmente a probidade era combatida como uma faculdade interna do órgão público, sempre fundamentada no regime disciplinar. Nossa atual ordem constitucional entendeu que a repressão à improbidade administrativa não deveria limitar-se ao campo disciplinar. Em outras palavras, os atos de improbidade administrativa não deveriam corresponder apenas à violação de um dever de serviço; mais que isso, deveriam consistir em violação a um dever geral de conduta do agente público. Alterou-se o viés do exercício da repressão, antes apenas disciplinar, agora por meio do Poder Judiciário. Isso porque, como ficou assentado, o ato de improbidade na seara pública interessa a toda a sociedade e não apenas a determinado órgão ou ente político.
Em vista disso criou-se uma responsabilidade paralela à disciplinar, exercida sob o prisma da sujeição geral. É o que regula o § 4º do art. 37 da CF. Em contrapartida, foi também estabelecida a forma com que essa responsabilidade seria buscada: por meio da ação de improbidade administrativa. Trata-se de um processo diferenciado, independente do penal, cujo objetivo é implementar as sanções punitivas respectivas.
A segunda parte desta obra tem o escopo de apresentar algumas considerações sobre a ação de improbidade administrativa.
Iniciamos a segunda parte do estudo fazendo uma distinção dos instrumentos processuais de tutela do direito material: ação popular e ação civil pública, por exemplo, ressaltando o ponto que as distingue da ação de improbidade administrativa. Buscamos identificar a sua natureza jurídica, comentar o procedimento especial reservado, bem como analisar uma suposta aplicação subsidiária da legislação que instrumentaliza a tutela dos direitos coletivos (Capítulo IX).
No Capítulo X estudaremos o procedimento administrativo de constatação do ato ímprobo. Nesse momento a atenção foi voltada aos instrumentos de investigação dos ilícitos: processo administrativo, inquérito policial e inquérito civil. O estudo ainda alberga outros temas correlatos, tais como requisição da atividade investigativa, necessi-dade ou não do procedimento investigativo para a propositura da ação, o...
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