Mais de uma penhora sobre o mesmo bem (concurso de credores na Justiça do Trabalho)
Autor | Mauro Schiavi |
Ocupação do Autor | Juiz titular da 19a Vara do Trabalho de São Paulo. Mestre e Doutor em Direito das Relações Sociais pela PUC/SP |
Páginas | 362-364 |
Page 362
Quando há mais de uma penhora sobre o mesmo bem, tem lugar o chamado "concurso de credores", que encontra suporte nos arts. 797 e 908 do CPC, que assim dispõem:
Art. 797. Ressalvado o caso de insolvência do devedor, em que tem lugar o concurso universal, realiza-se a execução no interesse do exequente que adquire, pela penhora, o direito de preferência sobre os bens penhorados. Parágrafo único. Recaindo mais de uma penhora sobre o mesmo bem, cada exequente conservará o seu título de preferência.
Art. 908. Havendo pluralidade de credores ou exequentes, o dinheiro lhes será distribuído e entregue consoante a ordem das respectivas preferências. § 1º No caso de adjudicação ou alienação, os créditos que recaem sobre o bem, inclusive os de natureza propter rem, sub-rogam-se sobre o respectivo preço, observada a ordem de preferência. § 2º Não havendo título legal à preferência, o dinheiro será distribuído entre os concorrentes, observando-se a anterioridade de cada penhora.
Conforme o art. 909 do CPC, "os exequentes formularão as suas pretensões, que versarão unicamente sobre o direito de preferência e a anterioridade da penhora, e, apresentadas as razões, o juiz decidirá."
Os créditos trabalhistas não têm preferência entre si; por isso, recaindo mais de uma penhora sobre o mesmo bem, os créditos trabalhistas devem ser pagos segundo a anterioridade da penhora.
Não obstante, em algumas situações, considerando-se o número de execuções em face de uma mesma empresa e a escassez de bens, pode o Juiz do Trabalho adotar, em razão da razoabilidade e equidade, que o valor do produto dos bens seja dividido de forma proporcional entre os credores trabalhistas. Para tanto, devem todos os processos trabalhistas, na fase de execução, serem reunidos no mesmo juízo, se tramitarem em juízos diferentes, devendo ser realizada uma única hasta pública para todos os bens do executado.
A possibilidade de reunião das execuções em face do mesmo devedor encontra eco na aplicação subsidiária do art. 28 da Lei n. 6.830/80, que assim dispõe:
O Juiz, a requerimento das partes, poderá, por conveniência da unidade da garantia da execução, ordenar a reunião de processos contra o mesmo devedor: Parágrafo único - Na hipótese deste artigo, os processos serão redistribuídos ao Juízo da primeira distribuição.
No mesmo sentido é o Enunciado n. 45 da Jornada Nacional de Execução, realizada em outubro de 2010, in verbis:
REUNIÃO DE EXECUÇÕES POR CONVENIÊNCIA DA UNIDADE DA...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Execução no Processo do Trabalho
- Da Penhora
- Conceito e natureza jurídica
- Dos efeitos da penhora
- Da importância da penhora para a execução
- Indicação de bens. Ordem de penhora. Constrição e garantia do juízo
- Do auto de penhora
- Dos bens impenhoráveis
- Da impenhorabilidade do bem de família
- Da penhora de dinheiro e bloqueio de contas bancárias
- Da penhora de salário
- Penhora de bens imóveis
- Penhora de bem gravado com alienação fiduciária em garantia
- Penhora de bem gravado com leasing
- Penhora de faturamento
- Da penhora de empresa e do estabelecimento comercial
- Penhora de crédito
- Penhora no rosto dos autos
- Substituição de penhora
- Mais de uma penhora sobre o mesmo bem (concurso de credores na Justiça do Trabalho)
- Do arresto cautelar (art. 830 do CPC)
- Da avaliação dos bens penhorados
- Do depósito dos bens penhorados e o depositário
- Depositário infiel ? prisão determinada pelo Juiz do Trabalho
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