(Não)humano e canibal aos olhos do xamã
Autor | Antonio Araújo |
Páginas | 45-52 |
Page 45
Descola esclarece que “Em suma, para os ameríndios o referencial comum a todos os seres da natureza não é o homem enquanto espécie, mas a humanidade enquanto condição” (DESCOLA, 1994, p. 120; cf. VIVEIROS DE CASTRO, 2002, p. 356).
André de Oliveira Souza notou que entre os Wai-Wai, a autodesignação étnica pode animalizar humanos (Figura III) ou humanizar animais. Há...
Termo que designa a identificação de um povo (gente). Por exemplo, Xerewyana, Karapawyana, isto é, o “povo Xerew” ou o “povo Karapaw” e assim sucessivamente. Segundo Caixeta e Souza, serve também para designar a possibilidade de um animal se humanizar e de um humano se animalizar. Dessa forma, o termo designa também um povo animal, como observamos no mito da criação: Wayamuyana (“povo Jabuti”); Okoymoyana (“povo da cobra grande”); Porotoyana (“povo macaco-aranha”) etc. (SOUZA, 2011, p. 21)
Entre os Tariano se dá, também, a noção de bicho-gente, ou de essência humana compartilhada: “o nome Iauaretê quer dizer gente de onça [...]” (MOREIRA, 2001, p. 25). Para os Hupda, o peixe aracu celebra a piracema, sentando-se à beira do rio, a tomar caxiri até ficar embriagado; daí, é só matar. O “chefe é a cobra” (CARVALHO, 2011, p. 113), sendo cobra e peixe a mesma coisa, e “gente é igual peixe e peixe é igual gente” (Id. Ibid., p. 114).
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Ainda conforme os Tariano existiu na Amazônia “uma cobra velha chamada Buaá [...]. Essa cobra havia se transformado em gente como os Diroá [...]. Ao final, não mataram Buaá, mas fizeram com que ela voltasse a ser cobra novamente. [...] enquanto isso a cobra gente já estava longe [...]. Nesse lugar, a cobra, percebendo a armadilha transformou-se em Kiwai (peixe-mandioca)” (MOREIRA, 2001, p. 24, 68).
Ora, se a humanidade “avatar” é compartilhada por humanos e animais (Figura IV), a diferença só pode referir-se ao corpo. Tanto que existe “a ideia de roupas animais a esconder a ‘essência’ humano-espiritual” (VIVEIROS DE CASTRO, 2002, p. 356).
Lana e Lana, numa paleontologia dos mitos Desana-K?híripõrã narram que Boreka precisava aniquilar muitos e vestiu pele de onça com seus irmãos. Eles matavam pessoas, onças de verdade as comiam depois. Certa vez, travestido de onça, Boreka se aproximou de índia anciã, que o chamara de neto. Sua avó rogou que não a comesse. E perquiriu, indagou-lhe por que agia de tal forma, quando, então, as onças recuaram e surgiu um homem enfeitado. “Boreka e seus acompanhantes vestiram de novo a pele de onça” (LANA e LANA, 1995, p. 48-51).
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Ambrosetti colheu testemunhos significativos entre os índios Kain-gang de San Pedro, Argentina:
[...] “o...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Animalyrics
- Dedicatória
- Agradecimento
- Prólogo
- Introdução e horizonte metodológico
- Fundamentos do perspectivismo
- Holograma cultural e tradições do corpo
- (Não)humano e canibal aos olhos do xamã
- Antropogênese mito-ameríndia
- Perspectivismo x 'La Liberté' de Goya
- Dissecando o Iluminismo Penal
- Colapso do bem jurídico-penal, e Alexy: cai o muro de Alice
- Post Mortem do bem jurídico-penal
- Positivismo sobreconstitucional trans kelseniano e o maltrato animal como delito de lesa-humanidade
- Conclusão: dirética, uma esperança indulgente
- Fontes consultadas e referências
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