Perito e juiz pensam de forma diferente
Autor | José Fiker |
Ocupação do Autor | Doutor em Semiótica e Linguística Geral (com enfâse em Laudos Periciais) pela USP |
Páginas | 17-24 |
Page 17
Vamos fazer algumas considerações sobre a relação entre palavra e realidade. A realidade é absolutamente ela mesma e tem suas características, suas propriedades suas funções específicas, que não se confundem com o pensar sobre ela.
O exemplo do elefante, dado por Alaôr Caffé Alves, é bastante feliz:
“Ao se ver um elefante, pensa-se num elefante, mas nosso pensamento não pode estar compreendendo o elefante na sua totalidade ontológica, do ser, porque se pensássemos num elefante como tal, cairíamos imediatamente esmagados pelo peso do elefante pensado. Vê-se, portanto, que, neste caso, uma coisa é o elefante mesmo, outra coisa é o pensamento do elefante. Aí está a questão relacionada com o referente.”
Mesmo se nós tivéssemos, por outro lado, a possibilidade de pensar a realidade, não poderíamos comunicá-la. A realidade do elefante não é mais um elefante concreto, real, material, portanto um elefante pesado, corporizado, enfim materializado. O que importa é a ideia (grifo nosso) do elefante real. Segundo Platão, a ideia é forma. A ideia é essência. Existe um mundo das ideias. O mundo das ideias é um mundo que existe independentemente das
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coisas concretas. Conforme Platão, o mundo das ideias é que é o mundo real, porque o mundo concreto é o mundo das sombras, é o mundo da caverna.
Ora, então se nós temos a possibilidade de pensar a essência, se podemos pensar, portanto, a forma, contudo não podemos comunicá-la. Porque não podemos comunicá-la? Porque o que nós fazemos quando comunicamos, o que nós emitimos são palavras, e não ideias; as essências não são comunicáveis diretamente para as pessoas. E o que se faz é emitir palavras para que o receptor possa decodificá-las, atingir as essências, as ideias; não se pode comunicar diretamente as essências; elas não saem da boca; o que sai da boca são palavras:
Assim, nada pode ser pensado autenticamente. Mas, se for pensado como essência, como ideia, não pode ser comunicado pelas palavras, porque as palavras não são idênticas às ideias, tanto que, nos verbetes, nós temos palavras mais variáveis para dizer a mesma ideia. Um exemplo são as palavras em línguas estrangeiras: “cachorro”, por exemplo, em português, ou “chien”, em francês, ou “dog” em inglês.
Três palavras apontam para o mesmo sentido, para a mesma ideia, que é “cão”(...)
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São três coisas bem diferentes entre si: referente, signo e significado, com a ideia em comum e o referente algo diferente. Se temos várias palavras para dizer a mesma coisa, então o sentido não vem diretamente na palavra materialmente “(...) Porque se a palavra tivesse nela mesma o...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Linguagem do laudo pericial. Técnicas de comunicação e persuasão
- Sumário
- Objetivos centrais do estudo
- O que não se aprende na escola
- Perito e juiz falam de forma diferente
- Perito e juiz pensam de forma diferente
- Mecanismos de persuasão
- Polifonia, ilocução, perlocução
- Demonstração e argumentação
- O auditório do perito é o juiz
- O emprego da ilustração
- Espacialização, temporalidade, distanciamento pessoal
- O uso da sintaxe para acentuar a realidade
- Como evitar ambiguidades com termos de significados diversos
- Marcas que registram temas sobre os quais o perito disserta
- Ambiguidades linguísticas
- Coerência textual
- Traços reveladores de intenção
- Produção do discurso (laudo)
- A sentença do juiz
- O parecer técnico do assistente
- Formulação de quesitos
- Resposta aos quesitos
- Aplicação do método científico
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