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- Os Príncipios de Direito do Trabalho Na Lei E Na Jurisprudência
- Parte 3. Princípios de Concreção do Direito do Trabalho
Princípio da Condição mais Benéfica
Autor | Francisco Meton Marques De Lima |
Ocupação do Autor | Mestre em Direito e Desenvolvimento pela UFC. Doutor em Direito Constitucional pela UFMG |
Páginas | 116-118 |
Page 116
Este princípio consiste em assegurar ao trabalhador a condição mais benéfica objetivamente reconhecida. Assim, o empregado não pode ser rebaixado na função e as condições melhores adicionadas ao seu contrato, em regra, não podem ser suprimidas.
Três são os fundamentos deste princípio: a) a modificação das regras contratuais não pode operar em prejuízo do trabalhador — art. 468 da CLT; b) o rebaixamento fere direito adquirido, constitucionalmente protegido; c) a regressão esbarra no princípio constitucional do não retrocesso.
Esse princípio tem estreita relação com os dois anteriores. Aliás, os três se completam, sendo mesmo indivisas as fronteiras. Assim, entre as várias normas aplicáveis ao caso, dá-se preferência àquela que prescreve condição mais benéfica.
Encontra seu limite na real beneficência da condição. Da mesma forma que nas duas regras anteriores, convém lembrar que o interesse social sobrepõe-se ao coletivo e este ao individual. É de interesse social a segurança do trabalho, a proteção dos salários, a previdência social, a saúde do trabalhador etc.; é de interesse coletivo a condição própria de cada categoria — entre as costureiras da indústria de confecção, prorroga-se o horário de segunda a sexta para folgar o dia do sábado; é de interesse individual a condição que assegura ao trabalhador ganhar por produção ou salário fixo. Deduz-se, pois, que a condição mais benéfica é verificável por categorias profissionais: as condições peculiares à construção civil, à indústria de confecção, à metalúrgica etc.
O interesse coletivo deve sempre suplantar o interesse individual, como reconhece a jurisprudência corrente. Assim, a alteração das condições de trabalho em uma empresa, com o que concordou a maioria, não pode, em princípio, ser recusada por um empregado individualmente, porque resultou mais benéfica para o todo. Contudo, não se há de dar abrigo a absurdos.
Page 117
Finalmente, a condição mais benéfica fixada em virtude de uma situação transitória e para fazer face a ela extingue-se tão logo cesse sua motivação. Entretanto, nem todos os benefícios que seriam periódicos cessam no final de cada período. Existem os que atravessam determinado período limitativo de sua vigência e, então, neste caso, incorporam-se às vantagens permanentes.
De la Lama Rivera, citado por Plá Rodriguez (op. cit., p. 63), leciona que as vantagens de caráter...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Os Príncipios de Direito do Trabalho na Lei e na Jurisprudência
- Parte 3. Princípios de concreção do direito do trabalho
- Princípio da Norma mais Favorável ao Trabalhador
- Princípio In Dubio pro Operario
- Princípio da Condição mais Benéfica
- Princípio da Irrenunciabilidade dos Direitos Trabalhistas
- Princípio da Primazia da Realidade
- Princípio da Continuidade da Relação de Emprego
- Princípio da Inalterabilidade in Pejus do Contrato de Trabalho
- Princípio da Substituição Automática das Cláusulas Contratuais pelas Disposições Coletivas
- Princípio da Isonomia Salarial
- Princípio da Irredutibilidade Salarial
- Princípio da Razoabilidade
- Princípio da Proporcionalidade
- Princípio da Boa-Fé
- Outros Princípios
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