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- Livros E Revistas
- Os Príncipios de Direito do Trabalho Na Lei E Na Jurisprudência
- Parte 3. Princípios de Concreção do Direito do Trabalho
Princípio In Dubio pro Operario
Autor | Francisco Meton Marques De Lima |
Ocupação do Autor | Mestre em Direito e Desenvolvimento pela UFC. Doutor em Direito Constitucional pela UFMG |
Páginas | 112-115 |
Page 112
Cesarino Jr. sintetiza-lhe o alcance: “Sendo o Direito Social, em última aná-lise, o sistema legal de proteção dos economicamente fracos (hipossuficientes), é claro que, em caso de dúvida, a interpretação deve ser sempre a favor do economicamente fraco, que é o empregado, se em litígio com o empregador.”93
A opção hermenêutica pela dúvida em favor de quem está do lado mais difícil da relação é universal. Assim, tem-se o in dubio pro reo, no Direito Penal, o favor debitoris, no Direito Civil, o pró-consumidor, nas relações de consumo.
O limite deste princípio esbarra na real existência da dúvida. Sua importância prende-se ao fato de operar por ocasião da apreciação das provas. Ora, as dúvidas puramente de direito representam uma gota d’água no oceano em comparação com as dúvidas vertentes na apuração de cada fato, de cada alegação, de cada valor, de cada prova. Sua aplicação deve ser comedida, analisada, desapaixonada e ponderada, mas nunca às cegas.
A tendência do Direito, mormente do Direito do Trabalho, é tirar a venda dos olhos da Justiça, para esta ver as coisas como estão sendo e não como alguém disse que são. Com base nisso, se quer dizer que nem sempre o empregado é parte mais fraca. Ocorre de um bom técnico servir a uma empresa iniciante cuja renda é inferior ao salário do técnico e as instalações estão garantindo empréstimos bancários.
Passou-se comigo na Vara do Trabalho de Quixadá (CE), no ano de 1984: diante do pretório, o empregado e o patrão, ambos com sintoma de infinita pobreza; o primeiro reclama soma elevada de diferença salarial, indenização de estabilidade em dobro, 13º, férias, horas extras, salário-família, anotações de CTPS; o reclamado não sabe sequer se manifestar em contestação, limita-se a dizer que não tem
Page 113
condição financeira para pagar qualquer indenização, que não tem nem para ele e sua família; o juiz propõe a conciliação e, para surpresa de todos, o reclamado oferece a bodega ao reclamante na condição de este o empregar com carteira assinada e salário mínimo. O reclamante rejeitou a proposta, dizendo que a bodega (contra a qual reclamava) não suportava tal encargo. Diante de idêntica situação, o princípio deve ser esquecido, porque a hipossufíciência é de ambos. A saída, nestes casos, deve ser a equidade, de maneira que haja uma partilha de direitos (para não...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Os Príncipios de Direito do Trabalho na Lei e na Jurisprudência
- Parte 3. Princípios de concreção do direito do trabalho
- Princípio da Norma mais Favorável ao Trabalhador
- Princípio In Dubio pro Operario
- Princípio da Condição mais Benéfica
- Princípio da Irrenunciabilidade dos Direitos Trabalhistas
- Princípio da Primazia da Realidade
- Princípio da Continuidade da Relação de Emprego
- Princípio da Inalterabilidade in Pejus do Contrato de Trabalho
- Princípio da Substituição Automática das Cláusulas Contratuais pelas Disposições Coletivas
- Princípio da Isonomia Salarial
- Princípio da Irredutibilidade Salarial
- Princípio da Razoabilidade
- Princípio da Proporcionalidade
- Princípio da Boa-Fé
- Outros Princípios
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