- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- A Responsabilidade Dos Sócios Nas Sociedades Empresárias
- O Instituto Da Desconsideração Da Personalidade Jurídica
(A problemática da) Aplicação prática do instituto
Autor | Fernando Schwarz Gaggini |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado e professor universitário. Pós-graduado/especialista em Direito Mobiliário (Mercado de Capitais) e Mestre em Direito Comercial pela Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo |
Páginas | 165-168 |
Page 165
Não obstante a existência de previsão normativa sobre a desconsideração, como anteriormente analisado, constata-se que todas as hipóteses limitam-se a autorizar a aplicação do instituto, estipulando, no máximo, as situações em que se admite sua utilização, sendo omissas quanto à sistemática de aplicação de tal medida. Nota-se, assim, uma total ausência de disciplina processual, o que leva a problemas de falta de parâmetros na aplicação da regra e por consequência gera inúmeras questões que levam a insegurança jurídica. Nesse sentido pode-se apontar os seguintes aspectos:
Inicialmente, constata-se uma ausência de método quanto a como se proceder para o requerimento e processamento da desconsideração. Essa lacuna fez surgir, na prática, diferentes alternativas, adotadas a critério dos julgadores, sendo observados casos de requerimento e concessão da medida diretamente na fase de execução (por vezes por mero despacho), outros casos em que a desconsideração se dá como incidente na execução, e outros ainda em que se exige demanda autônoma para fins de apreciação da desconsideração44. Dada essa indefinição de procedimento, igualmente incertas são a forma de manifestação dos sócios para defender-se da pretensão de desconsideração, bem como a própria garantia ao contraditório, que por vezes é deixada em segundo plano.
É ponto de questionamentos também a legitimidade para requerer a aplicação da medida. A regra geral prevista no artigo 50 do Código Civil prevê que a legitimação para requerer a medida é
Page 166
da parte ou do Ministério Público, não se admitindo, portanto, a aplicação de ofício. As disposições constantes das Leis n. 8.884/94 e n. 9.605/98, por sua vez, silenciam a esse respeito. A disposição do artigo 28 do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, por seu turno, determina que "o juiz poderá desconsiderar a personalidade jurídica da sociedade quando, em detrimento do consumidor, houver abuso de direito, excesso de poder, infração da lei, fato ou ato ilícito ou violação dos estatutos ou contrato social", redação que permite compreender a autorização para aplicação de ofício da medida exclusivamente no contexto das relações de consumo. Assim, também nesse ponto observa-se a existência de dúvidas e lacunas quanto a esse aspecto procedimental.
Como agravante, observou-se que a inexistência de forma procedimental facilitou a aplicação da desconsideração mesmo em inobservância aos seus pressupostos. Tornou-se corriqueira a aplicação da...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- A Responsabilidade dos Sócios nas Sociedades Empresárias
- O Instituto da Desconsideração da Personalidade Jurídica
- Contextualização do tema
- Desenvolvimento do instituto no mundo
- Funções do instituto
- O ingresso do instituto no Brasil
- A disposição do Código Civil
- A desconsideração inversa
- (A problemática da) Aplicação prática do instituto
- Análise econômica da situação
- Projetos de lei sobre o tema
- Conclusão
- Bibliografia
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