Procedimentos especiais
Autor | Paulo Bandeira |
Páginas | 119-122 |
Page 119
Conforme dito anteriormente, o Código de Processo Civil é dividido em livros, capítulos e seções. No Livro I, temos as regras pertinentes ao processo de conhecimento, incluindo, mais recentemente, o cumprimento da sentença. No Livro II, as regras referentes ao processo de execução por título extrajudicial, e os conceitos e princípios necessários a qualquer execução. No Livro III, regras referentes a ações cautelares e, no IV, ações que tramitam em procedimentos diferenciados.
Temos os ritos, que são ordinário ou sumário (art. 271), e os procedimentos (art. 272), que serão comuns ou especiais, in verbis:
Art. 271. Aplica-se a todas as causas o procedimento comum, salvo disposição em contrário deste Código ou de lei especial. Art. 272. O procedimento comum é ordinário ou sumário.
Comum, repete-se, porque segue certa lógica, ou seja, existem fases distintas e definidas, havendo a fase postulatória, entre Petição Inicial e resposta do réu, em que as partes postulam uma providência do Estado. A fase saneadora (mais nítida no rito ordinário), a fase instrutória, em que são colhidas provas orais e, por fim, a fase decisória, com a sentença.
O chamado procedimento especial tem esse nome exatamente porque as ações ali contidas, todas com nome, não tramitam, em regra, seguindo a lógica anterior; vejamos alguns exemplos:
A - Ação de Consignação em Pagamento: Normalmente uma ação, um processo, se inicia com uma Petição Inicial dirigida a um Juiz, que determina a citação do réu (o resto já sabemos). Trata-se do instrumento hábil a permitir a extinção da obrigação. Segundo Adriano Caldeira:
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O art. 335, do mesmo diploma legal [Código Civil], apresenta as hipóteses em que o devedor poderá realizar a consignação:
· Se o credor não puder, ou, sem justa causa, recusar receber o pagamento, ou der quitação na devida forma;
· Se o credor não for nem mandar receber a coisa no lugar, tempo e condição devidos;
· Se o credor for incapaz de receber, for desconhecido, declarado ausente ou residir em lugar incerto ou de acesso perigoso ou difícil;
· Se ocorrer dúvida sobre que deva, legitimamente, receber o objeto do pagamento;
· Se pender litígio sobre o objeto do pagamento.
Na Ação referente à consignação, em um primeiro momento, não há que se falar em procedimento judicial. Assim, se Pedro, insatisfeito com o súbito aumento em seu aluguel, quiser pagar ao locador o valor que entende devido, e este se recusar, poderá proceder a um depósito...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Manual Básico de Processo Civil
- -
- Agradecimentos
- Dedicatória
- Prefácio
- Introdução
- Breve histórico do Código de Processo Civil
- Jurisdição
- A ação
- O nascimento da ação
- Condições da ação
- Da distribuição
- Do trâmite processual
- Da competência
- O juiz
- Da resposta do réu
- Dos atos do juiz: despachos, decisões, sentenças e acórdãos
- Da audiência
- Outras partes no processo além de autor e réu
- As provas
- A sentença
- O cumprimento da sentença
- Recursos
- Do processo cautelar
- Procedimentos especiais
- Os juizados especiais
- Conclusão: a justiça que desejamos: a justiça nossa de cada dia
- Referências bibliográficas
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