Produção do discurso (laudo)
Autor | José Fiker |
Ocupação do Autor | Doutor em Semiótica e Linguística Geral (com enfâse em Laudos Periciais) pela USP |
Páginas | 49-54 |
Page 49
Todo discurso, quer seja religioso, político, científico ou de outra natureza, tem uma estrutura que é seguida, ainda que intuitivamente, pelo orador, desde a época de Aristóteles. Resumidamente, pode ser dito que ela lhe confere um princípio, um meio e um fim, com o objetivo de estruturá-lo e evitar repetições desnecessárias daquilo que já havia sido dito, bem como concatenar suas partes no sentido de que seja mais objetivo, aumentando sua capacidade de persuasão e tornado-o menos cansativo e mais atraente para o destinatário:
São partes principais do discurso:
• EXÓRDIO: apresentação do tema ou da tese a ser desenvolvida. Deve ser leve, incisivo, provocar uma mudança de comportamento no destinatário, de forma a tirá-lo de uma posição ou passividade e predispô-lo a ouvir ou ler o discurso.
• NARRAÇÃO: narrativa dos fatos que vão motivar o aparecimento da tese apresentada. Eles devem ser apresentados de forma a justificar uma ação que será exercida no sentido de dar resposta a esses fatos que clamam por uma solução ou por uma conclusão.
Page 50
• CONFIRMAÇÃO: exposição da tese para solucionar os problemas apresentados, ou concluir baseado nela.
• PERORAÇÃO: encerramento do discurso em final das conclusões apresentadas, colocando um final mediante uma frase de fecho conclamando o destinatário a aceitar a tese exposta.
Isso pode ser mais bem compreendido mediante um exemplo fictício prático extraído da obra de Medeiros Jr. e Fiker (1999). Imaginando que se queira dirigir uma campanha de emergência contra a fome e a miséria, tem-se:
• EXÓRDIO: Apresentação da tese – “Enquanto aqui estamos confortavelmente sentados, com a nossa atenção voltada para nossos problemas, cresce nas ruas o número de crianças carentes que morrerão prematuramente de fome ou que se transformarão em delinquentes e marginais”.
• NARRAÇÃO: Fatos que comprovam a tese – “1) As estatísticas demonstram que uma parte da inteligência do indivíduo é congênita e que outra se desenvolve a partir das condições sociais às quais ele está submetido, alimentação, ambiente, formação escolar, profilaxia contra doenças etc.;
2) Seria repetitivo dizer que a criminalidade, fornecedora de tanta substância para imprensa, cresce na razão direta do aumento da miséria; 3) O desequilíbrio econômico da sociedade torna cada vez mais assustador o quadro. Poucos de nós podemos jactar-nos de nunca termos sido moles-tados pela ação criminosa de algum delinquente, direta ou indiretamente, e...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Linguagem do laudo pericial. Técnicas de comunicação e persuasão
- Sumário
- Objetivos centrais do estudo
- O que não se aprende na escola
- Perito e juiz falam de forma diferente
- Perito e juiz pensam de forma diferente
- Mecanismos de persuasão
- Polifonia, ilocução, perlocução
- Demonstração e argumentação
- O auditório do perito é o juiz
- O emprego da ilustração
- Espacialização, temporalidade, distanciamento pessoal
- O uso da sintaxe para acentuar a realidade
- Como evitar ambiguidades com termos de significados diversos
- Marcas que registram temas sobre os quais o perito disserta
- Ambiguidades linguísticas
- Coerência textual
- Traços reveladores de intenção
- Produção do discurso (laudo)
- A sentença do juiz
- O parecer técnico do assistente
- Formulação de quesitos
- Resposta aos quesitos
- Aplicação do método científico
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