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- Livros E Revistas
- Panorama Geral Da Reforma Trabalhista. Aspectos de Direito Processual Volume II
- Parte I
Regra de Direito Processual Intertemporal
Autor | Jorge Pinheiro Castelo |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado, especialista (pós-graduação), mestre, doutor e livre docente pela Faculdade de Direito da Universidade São Paulo |
Páginas | 34-35 |
Page 34
A aplicação imediata da lei de direito processual não pode desrespeitar as situações jurídicas consolidadas, conforme dispõe o art. 14 do CPC/2015:
“Art. 14. A norma processual não retroagirá e será aplicável imediatamente aos processos em curso, respeitados os atos processuais praticados e as situações jurídicas consolidadas sob a vigência da norma revogada.”
Ou seja, por conta da aplicação imediata da lei não pode se impor a consequência uma obrigação nova (por exemplo, o pagamento de honorários de sucumbência e despesas processuais) não prevista pela lei velha por conta da prática de um ato de direito processual material (exercício do direito de ação) veiculado numa demanda exteriorizada pela petição inicial deduzido no processo.
Não pode, pois, a lei nova disciplinar de modo diverso (da disciplina fixada pela lei anterior) os efeitos ou as consequências (vantagens e obrigações) de um ato já consumado sob a vigência da lei anterior, para alcançar os efeitos futuros persistentes desse mesmo ato isolado e completo.
Realmente, a cada ato jurídico atribui-se determinado efeito correspondente ao seu conteúdo, em conformidade com a disciplina dada pela lei vigente ao tempo que se consumou.
O direito de ação (em abstrato) antecede a existência do próprio processo que se inicia a partir do primeiro ato que, por si só, dá vida ao processo, qual seja, a demanda (ato em concreto do exercício do direito de ação condicionado) veiculada numa petição inicial.
Esse ato inicial outorga aos sujeitos direitos, vantagens e obrigações disciplinados pela lei ao tempo que se consumou.
Noutros termos, “embora o processo seja um só e sempre do início ao fim, o procedimento em que se exterioriza é composto por atos e variadas fases que se
Page 35
sucedem no tempo. Com a realização de atos e a ocorrência de fatos ao longo do procedimento que vai da propositura da demanda inicial até a sentença que põe fim a ele, novas situações jurídicas vão se criando e outras se extinguindo. Essas situações caracterizam-se como direitos processuais adquiridos, tomada essa locução no amplíssimo sentido tradicional de situações jurídicas consumadas.”4
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Panorama Geral da Reforma Trabalhista. Aspectos de Direito Processual Volume II
- Parte I
- O Direito Constitucional Material e Processual
- A Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (Decreto-Lei n. 4.657/42)
- Dos Limites da Aplicação Imediata da Lei de Direito Material ou Processual Fixados pela Norma de Superdireito ou Sobredireito
- A Aplicação Subsidiária e Supletiva do Direito Processual Civil ao Processo do Trabalho
- Regra de Direito Processual Intertemporal
- Os Institutos Bifrontes e o Direito Intertemporal Combinado com a Regra do Isolamento dos Atos e Situações Processuais
- A Preservação das Situações de Vantagem e Desvantagem Derivadas dos Institutos Bifrontes (Direito Processual Material
- O Microssistema Material e Processual Trabalhista e suas Regras de Superdireito Laboral
- Direito Intertemporal - Precedentes
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