Social movements on the occupation of urban voids in central areas and the inclusive facing of climate change: the cases of São Paulo and Natal / Movimentos sociais na ocupação de imóveis vazios nas áreas centrais e o enfrentamento inclusivo das mudanças climáticas: os casos de São Paulo e Natal
| Autor | Emanuel Ramos Cavalcanti, Julia Azevedo Moretti, Amíria Bezerra Brasil, Ricardo de Sousa Moretti |
| Cargo | Emanuel Ramos Cavalcanti Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/ 6805137553894905 Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-7786 E-mail: emanuel.cavalcanti.au@gmail.com / Amíria Bezerra Brasil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes... |
| Páginas | 138-169 |
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Rev. Dir. Cid., Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 14, N.01., 2022, p. 138 - 169.
Emanuel Ramos Cavalcanti, Amíria Bezerra Brasil, Ricardo de Sousa Moretti
e Julia Azevedo Moretti
DOI: 10.12957/rdc.2022.54363| ISSN 2317-7721
MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS NA OCUPAÇÃO DE IMÓVEIS VAZIOS NAS ÁREAS CENTRAIS E O
ENFRENTAMENTO INCLUSIVO DAS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS: OS CASOS DE SÃO PAULO E
NATAL
Social Movements on the Occupation of Urban Voids in Central Areas and the Inclusive Facing of
Climate Change: The Cases of São Paulo and Natal
Emanuel Ramos Cavalcanti
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil.
Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/ 6805137553894905 Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000 -0002-3131-7786
E-mail: emanuel.cavalcanti.au@gmail.com
Amíria Bezerra Brasil
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brasil.
Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/ 8887892378979463 Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000 -0001-6877-4916
E-mail: amiriabrasil@gmail.com
Ricardo de Sousa Moretti
Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7819421851048499 Orcid: https://orcid. org/0000 -0002-3807-4684
E-mail: ufabc.moretti@gmail.com
Julia Azevedo Moretti
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC/SP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/ 4735094906899872 Orcid: https://orcid.org/000 0-0003-4898-1824
E-mail: moretti.julia@gmail.com
Trabalho enviado em 10 de setembro de 2020 e aceito em 14 de maio de 2021
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Rev. Dir. Cid., Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 14, N.01., 2022, p. 138 - 169.
Emanuel Ramos Cavalcanti, Amíria Bezerra Brasil, Ricardo de Sousa Moretti
e Julia Azevedo Moretti
DOI: 10.12957/rdc.2022.54363| ISSN 2317-7721
INTRODUCTION
The strategies of social movements for the affirmation of the constitutional right to housing
(article 6 of the Federal Constitution - FC), in São Paulo and Natal, take place at a time of expansion of
the debate on the role of cities in facing climate change and of growing concern with the obtaining
responses to the negative effects of these changes in a context of urban poverty and informa lity. The
pandemic of the new coronavirus unraveled structural inequalities and reinforced that facing global
crises involves the need for adequate housing for the most socioeconomically vulnerable population.
The hypothesis of this article is that the action of social movements to enable the use of idle
properties (empty, underused or unused) in central areas converges with the inclusive approach to
face climate change, since, among other factors, it would press for an increase of housing supply in
central areas, questioning a model of peripheral urban growth, which puts pressure on green areas or
even generates an increase in displacements and energy costs with the associated environmental
consequences. However, such action has faced m any difficulties: from a slow implementation (and
rapid dismantling) of urban policies aimed at the use of idle properties, in order to fulfill their social
function, to constant initiatives to criminalize these social movements.
Based on a comparative analysis between the dynamics of urban occupation1 and recent
insurgent practices of social movements in São Paulo and Natal, this article makes use of the concept
of climate justice to highlight the dimension of vulnerability and inequality, as well as the role of social
movements in denouncing unequal processes and construction of alternatives for production of social
housing, using idle properties in central areas, initiatives that can be seen as an inclusive way of tackling
climate change, asserting the right to the city.
To this end, the article is structured in four parts: the first is conceptual, in which the concepts
of vulnerability and climate justice are discussed in the context of the inclusive confrontation of climate
change and the construction of resilient cities, as well as the role of the use of idle properties located
in central areas of cities as one of the strategies in this process. The second part presents a review of
the collective actions undertaken by social movements for housing located in central urban areas of
the city of São Paulo, with emphasis on the recent process of discussion on the gradual qualification of
security and the constitution of public-popular partnerships, as strategies to enable the permanence
of residents in about 50 occupied buildings in the central area of the city. The third part discusses the
process of urban expansion in the city of Natal, presenting recent initiatives of social movements that
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Rev. Dir. Cid., Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 14, N.01., 2022, p. 138 - 169.
Emanuel Ramos Cavalcanti, Amíria Bezerra Brasil, Ricardo de Sousa Moretti
e Julia Azevedo Moretti
DOI: 10.12957/rdc.2022.54363| ISSN 2317-7721
have been engaged in ensuring the occupation for housing purposes of idle public buildings located in
the central areas of the city, in a strategy of confluence and articulation between the agendas of
provision of collective equipment for homeless people and social movements for housing and access
to the city. In the fourth and last part, concluding remarks point out common aspects of the two cases,
bringing a reflection on the role that social movements have been playing in the search for the
expansion of the use of idle properties in central areas, signaling new academic studies that can
contribute to this process.
1. THE ROLE OF THE USE OF IDLE PROPERTIES IN CENTRAL AREAS IN THE INCLUSIVE CONFRONTATION
OF CLIMATE CHANGE
1.1 CLIMATE JUSTICE AND AN INCLUSIVE APPROACH TO CLIMATE CHANGE
The urban issue has been increasingly highlighted in the debate on climate change and there
is increasing evidence o n the relevance of cities in terms of the impacts of climate change and
responses to the effects of these changes. In this sense, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) itself has devoted more and more space to urban issues (DODMAN; ARCHER;
SATTERTHWAITE, 2019).
To place cities at the center of the debate, it would suffice to remember that the world and
Brazilian population is already mostly urban and that cities have high energy consumption and
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With this, we also value their political influence and leadership
capacity to address urban climate governance, remembering the growing movements of local
government articulation (MARTINS; FERREIRA, 2011).
But in the context of poverty, informality and inequality that marks the Brazilian urbanization
process (and also many other cities in the global south), it is fundamental that the confrontation of
climate change takes place from an inclusive perspective, aiming at the reduction of risks and
vulnerabilities of the poorest population (DODMAN; ARCHER; SATTERTHWAITE, 2019; WILLIANS et al.,
2019). Climate change tends to accentuate exi sting risks associated with an exclusionary pattern of
urbanization2. Thus, the climate issue can be seen as an opportunity to through mitigation measures
and, mainly, adaptation correct structural inequalities and overcome vulnerabilities3 and urban-
environmental problems linked to the Brazilian urbanization pattern (MARTINS; FERREIRA, 2011).
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