Social-realism in the azerbaijani and turkish novels of the early 20th century
| Autor | Eshgane Babayeva |
| Cargo | PhD in Philology, Associate professor. Institute of Literature named after Nizami Ganjavi of ANAS/ Azerbaijan,Baku. Email : eshqane@mail.ru. ORC?D: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-4168 |
| Páginas | 505-522 |
Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito
Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba
V. 8 - Nº 07 - Ano 2019 – Special Edition
ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index
505
SOCIAL-REALISM IN THE AZERBAIJANI AND TURKISH
NOVELS OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Eshgane Babayeva
1
Abstract: In the 1920s and 1940s, the
socialist realism (trend) flow in both
Turkish and Azerbaijani literature shows
itself in certain degree. Class struggle,
conflict between opposing forces, such
as master-peasant, intellectual-ignorant-
superstition, has become the main topic
of the Turkish and Azerbaijani novels. In
both literatures, the subject of village
was at the forefront. It is no coincidence
that “Homeland Literature” has gained
special popularity in Turkish literature in
this period. The life, love, joy, sorrow,
troubles and pains of ordinary peasants
have become the main topic of literature.
The story of the urban man, not the
peasant, his or her life, feelings and
thoughts came to the center of the novel,
not the destiny of townsman. However,
for a long time, the place in the Turkish
novels was chosen only as Istanbul, and
the fate of the people of Istanbul was
mentioned. In the article, the Turkish and
Azerbaijani novels from 1920 to
1
PhD in Philology, Associate professor. Institute of Literature named after Nizami Ganjavi of
ANAS/ Azerbaijan,Baku. Email : eshqane@mail.ru. ORCİD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
4934-4168
1930will be comparatively explored and
parallels will be emphasized.
Keywords: Azerbaijani and Turkish
novel, socialist-realism, rural novel,
comparison, conflict.
Introduction
Socialist-realism is known as
the second half of Marxist aesthetics.
Some measures agreed in 1934 that the
Soviet Writers Union Congress has
determined the content of this
understanding. Socialist approach to
engage wanting to serve the socialist
revolution, sought to establish a literary
artist. Socialist-realism has also affected
the Turkish literature, various issues
were discussed socialist literature from
the 1930s. These discussions have
focused more on the social role of art and
artists issues. Turkish writer and critic of
the Marxist theoretical information
about the inadequate aesthetic issues are
Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito
Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba
V. 8 - Nº 07 - Ano 2019 – Special Edition
ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index
506
discussed in more axis of concept of
populism. Turkish authors have
interpreted this as socialism facing the
public literature.
One of the issues that attracted
attention in both Turkish and Azerbaijani
novels in the early twentieth century was
about rural life. It should be noted that
interest in rural life, love and longing for
the village began to show itself in poetry.
Orkhan Okai, the prominent Turkologist
associated the beginning that he called
“return to the village, to Anatolia” with
the development of pastoral poetry in the
literature (Okai O., 1990; 110-115).
According to researcher Kenan Akyuz,
rapid development of the industry,
technology like in the Western world,
has brought some problems with itself.
Thus, the concept of shelter to the
villages and the nature from the big cities
emerged in the intellectuals of the
Tanzimat era, which at the same time
was an expression of the transition to the
change of place in literature (Akyüz K.,
1979: 18). R. Kaplan linked this issue
mainly with the entry of literature into
social service (Kaplan R., 1997: 7). By
agreeing with this idea of the
Turkologist, I would like to note that
interest in rural life, turning of the theme
of village into the leitmotif of novel was
demand of the period, result of a new
social-political, economic and literary
process. Turkey joined the new literary
process. One of the main directions was
national character. While following of
the process of that period, it is evident
that direction towards the village in the
plan of thought had begun in the years of
Mashrutiyyat (1908-1923), and the
ideology “toward the people” of Ziya
Gokalp (1876-1924) was of particular
importance in this regard. Ziya Gokalp
believed that intelligentsia, distinguished
people had two goals of directing the to
the people:
1) To go toward the people for
getting national-spiritual values (to make
alive) from the people.
2) To go toward the people to
take culture to them. For realizing of
these two nuances, in the opinion of Ziya
Gokalp, Turkic young people should
teach in rural schools to carry the
“Western culture, not the Eastern culture
or its branch, Ottoman culture” to the
village (Gokalp Z., 1970: 47).
Although this process slowed
down, it gained momentum and became
one of the strategic goals of the new state
in the period of Republic. Ataturk stated
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