Teoria da eficácia natural da sentença
Autor | Marcos Scalércio - Sérgio Henrique Salvador - Theodoro Vicente Agostinho |
Páginas | 52-55 |
Page 52
Ao tema ora proposto e enfrentado, valiosa a contribuição doutrinária a respeito, aliás, usual fonte da ciência jurídica.
Por esse prisma, invocamos a Teoria da Eficácia Natural da Sentença como Ato do Estado, de Enrico Tullio Liebman, jurista europeu que em muito contribui para os estudos do Direito Processual Civil e seu impacto no ocidente.
Aludida teoria dispõe que a eficácia inter pars da sentença não é absoluta.
Liebman afirma que a única diferença entre a eficácia entre as partes litigantes e a eficácia perante terceiros está na tênue linha de que a sentença que formou coisa julgada entre os litigantes é imutável — diferentemente entre terceiros, pois estes, por não terem integrado a lide, podem, por meio de nova ação judicial, modificar os seus efeitos.
Veja-se o teor desta teoria:
“A sentença, como ato de autoridade ditado por um órgão do Estado, reivindica naturalmente, perante todos, seu ofício de formular o comando concreto da lei ou, mais genericamente, a vontade do Estado, para um caso determinado. As partes, como sujeitos da relação a que se refere a decisão, são certamente as primeiras que sofrem sua eficácia, mas não há motivo que exima os terceiros de sofrê-la igualmente. (...) Entre partes e terceiros só há esta grande diferença: que para as partes, quando a sentença passa em julgado, os seus efeitos se tornam imutáveis, ao passo que para os terceiros isso não acontece. (...) Por certo o juiz, ao decidir, pode cometer erros, e é esta uma hipótese que a lei prevê e considera, estabelecendo uma série de garantias e remédios para evitar e reparar os erros. (...) A eficácia da sentença, considerada independentemente da autoridade da coisa julgada, está subordinada à sua conformidade com o direito; mas esta se presume, e só uma efetiva demonstração da sua falta impede a sentença de produzir em concreto o seu efeito natural e normal”. (LIEBMAN, 1945. p. 105)
Por meio desta teoria, observa-se que o terceiro pode sim sofrer os efeitos da sentença proferida, por sua eficácia natural.
Page 53
Fux também se pronuncia sobre o tema:
“As pessoas que não mantêm qualquer vinculação com as partes nem com o objeto litigioso não se subordinam à coisa julgada, muito embora respeitem a decisão judicial como ato de soberania, tal como se curvam aos atos de administração e atos legislativos. Assim é que se a sentença determina que um clube não pode funcionar, mesmo o empregado que não foi parte no processo deve respeitar a decisão...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- A sentença trabalhista e suas repercussões no direito previdenciário
- Agradecimentos
- Apresentação
- Prefácio
- Cita
- Introdução
- O direito previdenciário: conceito, objeto e classificação
- Processo previdenciário: administrativo e judicial
- O CPC/15 e seus reflexos previdenciários: uma breve abordagem
- A constitucional competência da justiça do trabalho
- Os meios probatórios do processo trabalhista
- Características e efeitos da sentença trabalhista
- Teoria da eficácia natural da sentença
- O início de prova material e a exigência do INSS
- O entendimento administrativo do INSS
- As novidades da instrução normativa n. 77/2015
- Posição da jurisprudência e a súmula n. 31 da TNU
- Questões reflexivas e atuais
- Conclusão
- Referências bibliográficas
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