The ecological function of the collective property of the ancient lands: a new model for the relationship between human rights and the guarantee of the environment?
| Autor | Saverio Di Benedetto |
| Cargo | Professore associato di diritto internazionale - Università del Salento, Lecce. Questo lavoro ha origine nell'attività di indagine condotta insieme agli amici e colleghi ricercatori dell'Università del Salento facenti parte del gruppo L.A.I.R., ai quali va il mio sincero ringraziamento. Email: saverio.dibenedetto@unisalento.it |
| Páginas | 11-37 |
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Veredas do Direito, Belo Horizonte, v.14 n.30 p.11-37 Setembro/Dezembro de 2017
THE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF
THE COLLECTIVE PROPERTY OF THE
ANCIENT LANDS: A NEW MODEL FOR
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN
RIGHTS AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE
ENVIRONMENT?
Saverio Di Benedetto
Professore associato di diritto internazionale - Università del Salento, Lecce. Questo lavoro ha origine
nell’attività di indagine condotta insieme agli amici e colleghi ricercatori dell’Università del Salento
facenti parte del gruppo L.A.I.R., ai quali va il mio sincero ringraziamento.
Email: saverio.dibenedetto@unisalento.it
http://dx.doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v14i30.1182
ABSTRACT
A função ecológica das propriedades comuns das terras ancestrais: um novo
modelo para a relação entre os direitos humanos e a proteção ambiental
the environment only in an indirect way, when applying rules aimed at
involving an injury to natural or ecological goods. This article analyzes
the particular approach to the environmental protection developed by the
the ancestral lands of indigenous and tribal peoples. The idea is that such
a right encompasses direct function of environmental protection due to
the intrinsic ecological character of the communal property. This entails
important consequences also in the role of public powers in protecting the
environment, as the very recent Kaliña case shows.
Keywords: ancestral lands; communal property rights; indigenous and
tribal peoples; American Convention of Human Rights; environmental
protection; ecological function of property
THE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF THE COLLECTIVE PROPERTY OF THE ANCIENT LANDS: A NEW MODEL...
12 Veredas do Direito, Belo Horizonte, v.14 n.30 p.11-37 Setembro/Dezembro de 2017
INTRODUCTION
concrete action thanks to the discipline and practice of the main international
systems for the protection of human rights1 is a remarkably debated issue.
application in international practice2
among the various authors3, on the other hand, there was a tendency to
apply some human rights which have a high degree of incidence in favor
of environmental protection. Thus, numerous decisions - beginning with
those taken by the European Court of Human Rights - had as their object
the (alleged) injury to the State of the right to life4, respect for the right
1 This is essentially legal experience of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the
American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’
Rights.
2 The ECHR and its protocols do not provide for such a right (notwithstanding: Council of Europe,
Parliamentary Assembly, Environment and human rights, Recommendation No 1614 of 27 June
2003), while the Strasbourg seen - it was oriented to interpret some human rights also in function of
the protection of environmental interests. On the contrary, art. 24 of the African Charter expressly
provides: “the right to a satisfactory general environment favorable to their development”; such
provision was applied in the well-known decision of the Ogoni case (African Commission on Human
and Peoples’ Rights, Social and Economic Right Action Center and the Center for Economic and
Social Rights c. Nigeria (Ogoni), Decision of October 27, 2001): cf. , “Decision Regarding
Communication 155/96, in American Journal of International Law 2002, p. 937 fs. ;
, International Law and the Environment, Oxford, 2009, p. 273 s. Even in the
system of inter-American protection of human rights, there is a similar provision in art. 11 of the
Protocollo di San Salvador in the ACHR of November 17, 1988, even if the protocol itself excludes
that such a norm may be the basis for individual remedies.
3 Some authors dispute the very opportunity of creating an autonomous individual right to a healthy
environment, stressing in particular how the protection of some fundamental environmental goods,
such as climate balance, is possible only with general regulatory instruments (cf.
, cit., P. 301 s.). Other authors, on the other hand, generally maintain that it would be
opportune to include such a right in the list of human rights (cf. , International
Environmental Law, New York, 2000, p. 174 fs.).
4 Cf. European Court of Human Rights (GC), quia, resource n. 48939/99, judgment
of November 30, 2004 (deadly explosion of methane due to lack of risk prevention by hazardous
industrial activity); European Court of Human Rights, Kingdom, Appeal no. 23413/94,
judgment of June 9, 1998 (nuclear test that had caused leukemia in an individual working for the
British Royal Air Force, decided negatively); in other cases, such as the European Court of Human
Rights (GC), , resource n. 14967/89, judgment of February 19, 1998, the valuation
American Court, referring to the murder of an environmental activist and the repercussions on freedom
Honduras, judgment of April 3, 2009.
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