Câmbio e demanda externa pressionam alimentos, que pesam em preços ao produtor
A alta de 3,4% no Indice de Preços ao Produtor (IPP) em outubro foi fortemente influenciada pelo aumento dos preços de alimentos para exportação e que também servem à indústria nacional, informou o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O órgão divulgou o indicador na manhã desta quinta-feira.
O gerente de análise metodológica para indústria do IBGE, Alexandre Brandão, evitou fazer previsões, mas lembrou que, com um IPP registrando altas maiores que o Indice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor (IPCA), a inflação oficial do país, pode-se esperar repasses de preços à ponta da cadeia de consumo.
A constatação indica, portanto, que a inflação dos alimentos deve seguir alta. Brandão ponderou, entretanto, que esse movimento na ponta "depende muito" da renda das famílias, o que baliza reajustes. Até aqui, disse ele, essa renda segue preservada pelo auxílio emergencial e pela volta gradual da remuneração pelo trabalho.
Segundo o IBGE, 1,17 ponto percentual (p.p.) do índice veio dos alimentos, produtos com peso de 27% entre os materiais utilizados pela indústria brasileira. A segunda maior influência veio das indústrias extrativas (0,53 p.p.)
"Esse peso dos alimentos se deve, principalmente, a produtos alimentícios que visam o mercado externo. Por um lado temos uma demanda [externa] mais acelerada para itens como derivados e óleo de soja, além de açúcar cristal e carnes congeladas, o que eleva os preços internos. O fato de a produção de soja não estar tão alta também contribui para a alta nos preços", diz Brandão.
O especialista afirma que outro fator importante da equação tem sido o câmbio, que desvalorizou-se 4,2% só em outubro e perto de 37% no ano, segundo o IBGE. “Além de o preço em dólar já estar um pouco mais alto, o câmbio faz com que os valores em reais fiquem ainda maiores. Essa combinação tem um impacto muito grande nos preços dos alimentos ao produtor”, afirma Brandão.
O IPP acumula alta de 17,29% no ano e de 19,08% em 12 meses. No caso dos alimentos, os preços avançaram 28,36% em dez meses e 35,89% em doze meses. O técnico do IBGE observa que, além dos produtos com maior vocação para exportação, que tiveram a maior...
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