A falência da Parmalat
Autor | Robson Zanetti |
Cargo | Mestre e doutorando em Direito Privado pela Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, especialista em Direito Privado pela Università degli Studi di Milano. E-mail: robsonzanetti@yahoo.com.br |
O Tribunal de Parma, sede da Parmalat, declarou no último sábado, dia 27 de dezembro, o estado de insolvência da Parmalat, isto significa dizer, de sua falência.
Vendo a gravidade dessa empresa, o Governo Berlusconi através do Decreto-Lei n.º 347, de 23.12.2003, procura salvar-lhe os empregos e a produção industrial. Dessa forma, é nomeado um administrador que vai agir em conjunto com o Ministro da Indústria elaborando-se um plano de recuperação com proposta de cessão de atividades visando a reestruturação e não a liquidação da empresa. Com isso, espera-se a entrada de novos acionistas, especulando-se que a Danone venha a adquirir a parte referente a queijos e iogurte; a Granorolo, o leite e a Dole os sucos de frutas.
Numa situação dessas como a da Parmalat, é claro que cada credor gostaria de executar os bens de seu devedor situados no Brasil ou em qualquer outro país onde a Parmalat tem subsidiárias, visando escapar ao concurso de credores estabelecido em seu próprio país, ou seja, na Itália. Isso não é possível. Não se permite a abertura de um processo único de falência, com efeitos que ultrapassem o território italiano. A aplicação do direito comum em matéria de conflito de leis não é satisfatória.
É praticamente impossível executar a decisão judicial italiana que determinou a falência da Parmalat italiana no Brasil, mesmo tendo essa estabelecimentos secundários aqui. Isso ocorre porque os países consideram os processos coletivos, de falência e concordata, como elementos importantes de suas políticas econômicas e eles não estão dispostos a abandonar suas soberanias em proveito de outros países.
Os credores da Parmalat italiana devem procurar receber seus créditos em Parma...
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