EUA e União Europeia têm mecanismo de “sanção nuclear” contra economia da Rússia
Os países ocidentais têm na mesa o que é chamada de “sanção nuclear" na área econômica: cortar a Rússia da rede internacional Swift, mecanismo essencial das finanças e do comércio internacional. A questão é se, entre as punições “severas” prometidas pelos EUA e Europa, essa será aplicada desta vez. A Swift é uma empresa belga criada nos anos 1970 para substituir o telex.
Essa plataforma automatizada e segura permite os contatos diretos essenciais entre 11 mil instituições financeiras em mais de 200 países e territórios. O mecanismo não detém ou transfere fundos, mas permite que os bancos e outras empresas financeiras alertem uns aos outros sobre as transações que estão prestes a se concretizar.
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Diariamente, passam por ela dezenas de milhões de transações financeiras entre seus participantes, como pagamento entre seus clientes, transações envolvendo ações ou títulos etc. Oferece uma plataforma de mensagens, normas de comunicações e serviços que facilitam o acesso e a integração, identificação, análise e cumprimento de normas de prevenção de delitos financeiros.
Cortar a Rússia do Swift significaria uma freada brutal nas transações internacionais envolvendo o país. Em vez das transações automáticas, os bancos russos seriam obrigados a passar ao modo manual, por fax ou e-mail, com prazos suplementares no tratamento das operações, e inclusive maiores riscos de litígios entre as partes.
Assim, pagar por importações russas em dólar seria extremamente complicado tanto para americanos e europeus como para brasileiros que compram fertilizantes, por exemplo. Também para os russos, ficaria ainda mais difícil comprar produtos ocidentais. Ou seja, há impacto em todos os lados.
Em 2012, a rede Swift suspendeu instituições financeiras do Irão sob sanção, num embargo financeiro que ampliou o isolamento da economia iraniana.
Mas em 2014, quando Vladimir Putin invadiu e anexou a Crimeia, a mesma “sanção nuclear” foi discutida em Washington e Bruxelas. Naquela ocasião, o então primeiro-ministro russo...
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