Novas regiões metropolitanas reduzem área de influência das regiões do Rio, Porto Alegre e Curitiba
Com o surgimento de três novas metrópoles no Brasil – Vitória (ES), Florianópolis (SC) e Campinas (SP), as regiões metropolitanas de Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Porto Alegre (RS) e Curitiba (PR) perderam parte de suas áreas de influência. O Rio de Janeiro foi a região que mais perdeu relevância em seu contexto regional e cidades antes em sua área de atuação passaram para o Espírito Santo, a Bahia e Minas Gerais.
Já cidades que eram ligadas a Porto Alegre (RS) e Curitiba (PR) ficaram na área de domínio da nova metrópole do sul do país. A definição de Campinas (SP) como metrópole, por sua vez, reconfigurou o quadro urbano-regional da área, trazendo para seu domínio cidades que estavam conectadas com São Paulo.
Os dados fazem parte do estudo Divisão Urbano-Regional do Brasil, divulgado hoje pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia Estatística (IBGE) e produzido a partir das informações da pesquisa Regiões de Influência das Cidades (Regic 2018), divulgada em junho de 2020. Naquele momento, o IBGE revelou mais três regiões metropolitanas no mapa brasileiro. Até então, Vitória (ES), Florianópolis (SC) e Campinas (SP) eram capitais regionais.
O principal conceito por trás do estudo Divisão Urbano-Regional é o de região de articulação urbana, que reúne um conjunto de municípios em uma área de influência liderados por uma única cidade. Há uma complementaridade socioeconômica e se leva em consideração os locais procurados pela população para atendimento de bens e serviços, como compras de vestuário e calçados, serviços de saúde de baixa, média e alta complexidades e atividades culturais e esportivas, por exemplo.
Cada uma dessas regiões é contígua e não tem superposições (ou seja, cada município aparece em apenas uma delas). Além disso, a organização é baseada na rede urbana, o que significa que não há limites restritos às fronteiras dos Estados. São três escalas diferentes de região de articulação urbana: a maior é a região ampliada, seguida pelas...
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