- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Ergonomia Interpretando a NR-17. Manual Técnico E Prático para a Interpretação Da Norma Regulamentadora N. 17
- A Ergonomia
Taylorismo e Fordismo
Autor | Alexandre Pinto da Silva |
Ocupação do Autor | Engenheiro Eletricista. Engenheiro de Segurança do Trabalho. Higienista Ocupacional. Consultor em Ergonomia. Mestre em Sistemas Elétricos de Potência. Professor de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Segurança do Trabalho |
Páginas | 28-29 |
Page 28
O conceito de ergonomia se torna a cada dia mais importante, pois no mundo contemporâneo, o lucro é visado a qualquer custo, com o lema de se fazer mais por menos. Com isso, o custo pode se tornar bastante oneroso, principalmente para o trabalhador que poderá ficar com sequelas pelo resto da vida, enquanto a produção não para, basta substituir as pessoas. Dois movimentos, no início do século XX, tiveram como meta a maximização da produção e do lucro, a qualquer preço. Esses sistemas de organização da produção visavam excluir os trabalhadores de qualquer opinião sobre a empresa ou posto de trabalho. Trabalhador era para trabalhar e pronto. Taylor chegou a afirmar que precisava de trabalhadores com a força e a inteligência de um boi, ou seja, bons para o trabalho braçal apenas. Já Henry Ford foi mais além, e disse que o trabalhador devia deixar sua inteligência junto com o chapéu, ao entrar na fábrica.
O trabalhador não tinha que participar de decisões tomadas pela empresa. O Taylorismo se baseava em:
· Execução da tarefa no menor tempo;
· Não necessidade do conhecimento de toda a produção;
· O processo produtivo é de responsabilidade exclusiva do gerente;
· Os trabalhadores devem desenvolver atividades simples e repetitivas;
· Aversão total a sindicatos;
· Implantação de prêmios para produção.
Já para o Fordismo, os seus conceitos básicos eram:
· Uso de linha de montagem;
· O trabalhador tem que ficar fixo no posto de trabalho;
· O produto é que deve movimentar;
· A máquina é que dita o ritmo.
Atualmente têm surgido muitos casos de estresse, depressão, entre outros transtornos que têm origem no...
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