The politics as authoritarianism: the shared project of Donoso Cortés and Jaime Balmes in the shade of Carl Schmitt
| Autor | Roberto Bueno |
| Páginas | 250-275 |
The politics as authoritarianism:
The shared project of Donoso Cortés and Jaime Balmes
in the shade of Carl Schmitt
Roberto Bueno [1]
Dialogue about the conservatism: Donoso Cortés and Jaime
Balmes
One of the compatriots to Donoso Cortés that operates on his
same conservative and Catholic line is undoubtedly Jaime Balmes
(1810-1848), authors who maintains parallel initially drawned by
Menéndez Pelayo. Shortly greeted out of Spain but also getting
more criticized when your little attention in the philosophical Spanish
world,[2] the author matters to this dissertation to the extent that his
text is drawn with the same Donoso’s conservative and royalist bias,
in addition to deeply and seriously committed with a humanism open
to transcendence[3], uniquely connected with Catholicism, and also
that remains attentive to the sociopolitical and theological
vicissitudes debates from that period.
In this regard it is true to say that, even though Donoso has not
maintained contact with Balmes, they are authors who are
concerned with the same objects according to similar analytical
perspective. Already in his time the Duke of Valmy presented
Donoso as a thinker near Balmes[4] and this is something that
Donoso’s text confirms by saying that “[...] Pío IX ha sido el hombre
de quien Dios ha querido servirse para desengañar al mundo por lo
que respecta a su Iglesia [...]”[5]. Donoso here takes the idea of the
papacy as the earthly force capable of executing God’s plan on
earth. In this respect also converges Balmes, allowing drawing a
parallel between them as intellectuals who are both committed
politically and ideologically with the philosophical spectrum, broad
sense of right, with ideological traditionalism and authoritarian
conservatism[6].
Jaime Luciano Balmes (1809-1848) was a Catalan Spanish
philosopher and clergyman whose life, curiously, was as short as
that of Donoso Cortés, Intellectual dedicated to (neo) scholasticism,
that school at the time enjoyed great prestige in the philosophical
Spanish world and also enjoyed excellent reputation in conservative
circles. Nevertheless, there are several positions that seek to
establish a parallel between his work and that of Donoso’s,
hypothesis in which the Catalan emerges occupying a position of
remarkable second place.[7] Moreover, in Balmes is an approach to
the spanish politics and reality around two main axis, namely,
religion and monarchy[8]. Both Balmes as well as all the Spanish
conservative tradition, to which Donoso belongs, find in the religious
argument the defining identifier element of the Spanish national
character, which later would play enormous role in building and
maintaining not only the Franco dictatorship in Spanish[9] but also of
its predecessor with Primo de Rivera[10].
This is the period when the intellectual forces of the Francoist
regime began to be marshaled to strike against the republicans in
the Spanish civil war, comprised of a myriad of leftist ideological
groups. Its values, necessarily, glimpsed liberalism as an adversary
that needed to be fought[11]. Still, it’s significant to highlight the
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