A discriminatória fixação do valor da indenização por danos morais na justiça do trabalho com base em salário
Autor | Robson Zanetti |
Cargo | Advogado. Doctorat Droit Prive Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Corso Singolo Diritto Privato Universitá degli Studi di Milano |
A fixação do valor da indenização por danos morais é um dos maiores problemas que se tem no direito, pois, não existe nenhuma legislação prevendo como serão fixados os valores para cada dano, mesmo porque tal tarefa seria muito difícil e praticamente impraticável.
No direito do trabalho, as indenizações por dano moral muitas vezes são fixadas com base no salário de cada empregado, porém, não se sabe quantos salários serão atribuídos para cada condenação por dano moral decorrente da relação de emprego. Assim, um empregado que é injuriado receberá “x” valor de seu salário, enquanto o outro que é injuriado pela mesma ofensa “y”. Tal critério de fixação tomando como base o salário de cada empregado parece ser discriminatório, ferindo assim a Constituição Federal, que determina a igualdade de todos perante a lei (art. 5.º, caput, da CF). A igualdade deve ser real e não somente formal.
O dano moral está ligado a aspectos internos da pessoa, tanto é verdade que é impossível provar o sofrimento interno de cada pessoa, ou seja, não é possível numa mesma situação ser provado qual de duas pessoas acusadas injustamente de furto está sofrendo mais, justamente porque esta é uma questão interna.
O dano moral não precisa ser provado, o que precisa ser provado é o fato, segundo entendem nossos tribunais. Dessa forma, não existe a necessidade de prova do dano porque ele não se materializa externamente como o dano material, ele é interno, por isso, o dano material não deve ser confundido com o material, o dano material está ligado ao patrimônio de cada um, enquanto o dano moral é extrapatrimonial, está fora do patrimônio.
Se o dano moral não pode ser medido, a única medida possível é a de presumir que sob o ponto de vista moral e não material as duas pessoas têm na realidade um sofrimento de mesma intensidade, agora, atribuir um valor de indenização segundo o salário de cada uma é afirmar que quem ganha mais...
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