Artificial intelligence and industry 4.0: The next frontier in organizations.
| Autor | Nascimento, Alexandre Moreira |
| Cargo | Editorial |
In 2016, Professor Andrew Ng, from Stanford University, stated that artificial intelligence (AI) is the new electricity (Lynch, 2017). Such analogy illustrates the magnitude of the impacts of AI on businesses and society that are expected in coming years. That strong claim turned out to be very popular among AI researchers and practitioners, and has been frequently quoted in mass media.
AI is a field of human interest since the 1950s. The field started with an interest on the nature of intelligence and the possibilities offered by computer software, aiming at the development of software capable of emulating intelligence to complement or supplement human intelligence (Simon, 1995). The field has made significant progress, but a precise definition of AI is still a challenge for those involved with disseminating concepts and applications. Simon (1995) thinks of it as a branch of computer science interested in bringing to reality the properties of intelligence by means of synthetic intelligence, while Stone et al. (2016) see it as both a science and a set of computational technologies inspired by, but different from, the way people use their nervous system and body to feel, learn, reason, and act. There are at least five distinct perspectives on AI according to Sweeney (2003), who reviewed 996 definitions in the literature: human thinking, human behavior, ideal thinking, ideal behavior, and animal behavior.
AI is not mere theory and promise. Society has been benefiting from AI for decades. It impacts our lives significantly by fostering advances in many fields--such as in healthcare and business management. However, much of the progress is not reputed as AI impact due to an effect called odd paradox (Stone et al., 2016), that is, AI researchers create new technologies that are soon assimilated and appropriated by the application domains they are deemed useful for. As a consequence, proper recognition is not given to AI, and the AI researcher keeps working on the still unsolved hard problems (McCorduck, 2009), what in turn makes emerge the wrong perception that AI is futuristic and has not provided meaningful contributions yet.
Recently, much attention has been given to AI, as advancements pushed the boundaries of automation beyond the manual and operational activities. Automation has been targeting manual and operational tasks since the first industrial revolution, while the intellectual processes and tasks that are highly dependent on human...
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