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- Comentários À Execução do Novo Código de Processo Civil. Enfoques Civilistas E Trabalhistas
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Enfoque Introdutório
Autor | Francisco Antonio De Oliveira |
Páginas | 13-13 |
Page 13
Iniciamos este livro Capítulo IV — Do Incidente de Desconsideração da Personalidade Jurídica, que encampou a Teoria da Disregard of legal entity, por ser essa novidade uma das inovações mais importantes do Novo Código. A teoria da superação da personalidade jurídica originária do direito anglo-saxão vinha sendo utilizada fortemente na doutrina que se formou através dos anos e na jurisprudência que se formara lentamente. Durante muito tempo permitiu-se que sócios e diretores não fossem responsabilizados, protegidos por um véu imaginário que separava a pessoa física da jurídica. E à mercê desse subterfúgio, as pessoas jurídicas definhavam e o patrimônio dos sócios enriqueciam. Falências eram habitualmente projetadas por advogados especializados. O Código Civil em vigor inclui a teoria Disregard of legal entity no art. 50 para os casos de desvio de finalidade ou caso de confusão patrimonial. O novo Código ampliou o núcleo operacional e permitiu o envolvimento dos responsáveis nos negócios da pessoa jurídica.
A doutrina surgiu da jurisprudência ingleza, no Século XIX, idos de 1897, aplicada no célebre caso “Salomon vs.Salomon & Co”, que envia o conerciante Aaron Salomon, que havia constituído uma company com seis membros de sua família e cedido o seu fundo de comércio à sociedade, recebendo em troca 20 (vinte) mil ações e aos demais sócio coubera apenas 1 (uma) ação. Tempos depois, a sociedade tornou-se insolvente e o liquidante procurou responsabilizar pessoalmente Salomon. Ainda que se tenha a Inglaterra como preculsora da teoria, a verdade é que em 1809 ela fora utilizada nos EE.UU pelo Juiz Marschall na...
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