Eu-ideal /Ideal-do-eu
Autor | Silvane Maria Marchesini |
Ocupação do Autor | Jurista. Psicóloga. Psicanalista. Pós-Graduada, Mestra em Psicologia Clínica |
Páginas | 189-190 |
Page 189
Em "Sobre o narcisismo - Uma introdução" (1914c), Freud fala primeiro do Eu-ideal ("Idealich") como uma igura de projeção do ideal narcísico. Mais tarde, em "O Ego e o Id" (1923b), atribui alternativamente ao que chama Eu-ideal, depois Ideal-do--Eu ("Ichideal"), funções de censura e de repressão que ele considera decorrentes da idealização. Essas instâncias "ideais" vão permanecer pouco diferenciadas na elaboração da sua segunda tópica (depois de 1920), onde elas participam de forma conjunta no conceito global de Supereu (ÜberIch).
Daniel Lagache foi o primeiro a empreender, em "A psicanálise e a estrutura da personalidade"
Page 190
(1958), uma diferenciação sistemática entre essas instâncias (superegóicas) que ele considera ligadas, no início, à formação do Eu. Propõe que se considere que "o Supereu corresponde à autoridade e o Ideal-do-Eu à maneira como o sujeito deve comportar-se para responder à expectativa da autoridade". Quanto ao Eu-ideal, parece-lhe resultar de uma "identiicação primária com um outro ser investido de onipotência, quer dizer, a mãe; ele propõe então o uso da expressão identiicação heroica".
Jacques Lacan amplia ainda mais essa especi-icação com os seus "Comentários sobre o relatório de Daniel Lagache", apresentados em 1958 no Colóquio de Royaumont. Considera também o Eu-ideal - que ele escreve i(a) - como de essência narcísica. Concebe sua origem no que ele chama o estágio do espelho, conjuntamente com a primeira estruturação do Eu. Além disso, essa instância ideal (mais ou menos inconsciente) situa-se para ele no que designa por categoria do "Imaginário", ou seja, a representação mental formal, de ordem espaço-corporal. As iguras do Eu-ideal atuam, em suma, como suporte para representar as promessas de síntese uniicada e de continuidade da pessoa, corpo ideal para o qual o Eu tende incessantemente - modelo ilusório, sem dúvida, e, no entanto, essencial para um certo registro da vida psíquica. É através desse Eu-ideal que irá persistir, ao longo da vida, algo da onipotência imaginária que cercou os primeiros desenvolvimentos do Eu, quando este se encontrava ainda confundido com o outro materno.
O Ideal-do-Eu ("Ichideal") é, pelo contrário, visto desde muito cedo por Lacan como de uma natureza diferente. Ele concebe inicialmente esse Ideal--do-Eu de um modo muito próximo do que Freud chamou o "Supereu paterno"; introjeção identi-icadora da potência do pai, incitando como tal a busca de modalidades sublima...
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