Qual o papel do relator no Supremo? Duas respostas em tensão no caso da pederastia
Autor | Juliana Cesario Alvim Gomes, Diego Werneck Arguelhes |
Páginas | 91-94 |
Page 91
Na sessão de quarta-feira, no julgamento sobre o crime de pederastia, uma discussão entre os ministros Barroso e Marco Aurélio colocou em questão duas concepções diferentes do papel do juiz-relator dentro do Supremo. Primeiro, sua tarefa pode ser anunciar e defender, na votação no colegiado, a posição que considera correta. O relator é um porta-voz da solução que considera ideal.
Em contraste, um relator pode ser um articulador de consensos. Mais importante do que propor solução ideal é sua capacidade de negociar e encontrar o terreno comum entre os colegas, modulando sua posição se isso for necessário para formar maioria. Nesse caso, ele deve relatar a posição de determinada maioria de juízes.
As duas concepções estão em tensão. Um bom relator-decisor pode até ser convencido, no mérito, a mudar de posição durante o julgamento - mas, salvo nesta hipótese, manterá a posição em que acredita correta até o im, mesmo perdendo. Já o bom relator-articulador deixará sua posição pessoal em segundo plano para defender a solução capaz de obter apoio da maioria. Vencer a votação é sempre relevante, mas, no caso do relator-articulador, a vitória nos votos é decisiva.
O que esperamos de um relator no Supremo? Pelo regimento e pela tradição, parece ser mais um relator-decisor. Existe, aliás, a igura do "relator para o acórdão": se o voto de abertura do relator não conseguir convencer a maioria dos colegas, aquele ministro cuja posição de fato expressar o apoio da maioria assumirá a relatoria do acórdão.
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Ou seja: em nosso Supremo, até que o julgamento seja concluído de fato, o ministro designado na distribuição do processo apenas está relator. Permanecerá em tal posição se e somente se sua posição obtiver o apoio da maioria de seus colegas.
Na sessão de quarta, porém, esses dois papéis pareceram se embaralhar.
O relator, ministro Barroso, apresentou voto detalhadamente construído para dizer que o crime de pederastia é incompatível com a constituição. Segundo o ministro, a manutenção do crime no Código Penal Militar sob qualquer denominação, mesmo que quaisquer referências a homossexuais fossem removidas, violaria a igualdade. Na prática, o impacto da regra seria desproporcional, pois sua aplicação afetaria quase que exclusivamente os homossexuais.
Ao im do voto, porém, abriu a possibilidade de votar por uma posição mais moderada - mantendo o tipo penal, desde que retiradas as referências à orientação sexual - caso essa fosse a posição...
Para continuar a ler
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