Três desafios para o Supremo
Autor | Joaquim Falcão, Diego Werneck Arguelhes |
Páginas | 65-67 |
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Para além dos casos a julgar , o Supremo volta do recesso com uma pauta institucional. São três desaios que dizem respeito à própria legitimidade do tribunal. Neste semestre, o ministro
Lewandowski entra na segunda e última parte de seu mandato. Se não começar a enfrentar a pauta institucional agora, deixará esse legado para a ministra Cármen Lúcia.
Um primeiro desaio diz respeito à relação do Supremo com o Executivo e o Congresso: o desaio de sua independência política. De um lado, o Supremo será chamado a decidir conlitos entre os poderes e o próprio destino de políticos, especialmente com a crescente atuação do tribunal no caso da Operação Lava Jato.
Do outro lado, e ao mesmo tempo, o Supremo depende do Congresso e do Executivo para avançar uma pauta corporativa, envolvendo sobretudo salários de servidores e juízes, mas que se desdobrará na elaboração da Lei Orgânica da Magistratura (Loman).
Entre depender dos políticos e decidir o destino deles, os ministros do Supremo precisam proteger sua imagem de imparcialidade. Inclusive porque o tribunal pode acabar sendo tragado por esses conlitos, passando de árbitro a alvo. Quando aprovou a PEC da Bengala, o Congresso sinalizou que pode legislar diretamente sobre a estrutura do Supremo com objetivos políticos de curto prazo. Para o bem ou para o mal.
Um segundo desaio é o da autoridade interna. A capacidade do Presidente da Corte de fazer valer regras de conduta e tradições diante de ministros que as descumprem publicamente. No momento atual,
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dois comportamentos individuais desaiam recorrentemente o Supremo como colegiado: pedidos de vista não devolvidos e pronunciamento na mídia sobre casos pendentes de julgamento.
A vista é limitada pelo regimento. A manifestação de opinião pública sobre a decisão futura é proibida pela Loman . Nos dois casos, porém, a prática individual dos ministros varia muito, com frequência indo muito além desses limites.
Quando um ministro desrespeita a Loman, desrespeita o Congresso e o Judiciário como instituição. Como fazer valer essas regras? Al-guns ministros já airmaram, dentro e fora dos autos, que o tribunal estaria além do alcance disciplinar do Conselho Nacional de Justiça. Mas nem por isso os ministros poderiam se colocar além da ética proissional imposta pelo cargo de juiz. Se o Supremo não controlar a si mesmo, quem o controlará?
Finalmente, um terceiro desaio diz respeito à sua eiciência operacional. Na gestão do ministro Lewandowski...
Para continuar a ler
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